Geranyl acetate, used in numerous essential oils, is one of the most important natural fragrances. It is a colorless organic liquid with a sweet fruity or citrus top-note aroma. It can be used in soaps, creams, and in food as a fragrant and flavoring agent, in over 60 flavors including rose, lavender, carrot, lemongrass, peach, citronella, and many more. It is a major constituent of lime oil, with great economic importance. In addition, its antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects have been investigated. It has been found safe for food use by the FDA.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Note_(perfumery)#Top_notes
http://ayurvedicoils.com/tag/general-uses-of-geranyl-acetate
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/geranyl-acetate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geranyl_acetate
Geranyl acetate is a monoterpene that has been found in C. sativa with diverse biological activities. It reduces compound action potential (CAP) peak amplitude in isolated frog sciatic nerves (IC50 = 0.51 mM). Geranyl acetate inhibits the radial growth of M. gypsum, T. vercossum, and C. tropicalis on solid media. It is sporicidal against B. subtilis when used at a concentration of 1% in an agar diffusion assay. Geranyl acetate inhibits growth of COLO 205 cells (IC50 = 30 μM) via induction of DNA damage, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and mitochondrial apoptosis.
Geranyl acetate has a pleasant, flowery odor reminiscent of rose
lavender. It has a burning taste, initially somewhat bitter and then
sweet. It is produced from geraniol by acetylation or by fractional
distillation of essential oils in which it is present.
Geranyl Acetate occurs in varying
amounts in many essential oils: up to 60% in oils from Callitris and Eucalyptus
species and up to 14% in palmarosa oil. A smaller amount occurs in, for example,
geranium, citronella, petitgrain, and lavender oils. Geranyl acetate is a liquid with
a fruity rose note, reminiscent of pear and slightly of lavender. It is used frequently
in perfumery not only to create floral, fruity nuances (e.g., rose) but also for citrus
and lavender notes. A small amount is added to fruit aromas for shading.
Clear, colorless liquid; odor of lavender. Soluble in alcohol and ether; insoluble in water and
glycerol. Combustible.
Geranyl acetate has a pleasant, fowery odor reminiscent of rose lavender It has a burning taste, initially somewhat bitter and then sweet.
Reported found in a large number of essential oils; Ceylon citronella, palmarose, lemongrass, petitgrain, neroi bigarade, geranium, coriander, lavender, carrot, sassafras, in various Callitris species (C verrucosa, C robusta, and others) and Eucalyptus species (E acervula, E urnigera, etc ) A 60% level has been reported in the essential oil of Eucalyptus macar- thuri and up to 50% in the essential oil of Orthodon citraliferum; also identifed in bitter orange essential oil and Cymbopogon citratus oil Also reported found in citrus peel oils and juices, black currants, pineapple, celery seed, cinnamon, ginger, pepper- mint oil, corn mint oil, nutmeg, mace, thymus, hop oil, beer, rum, grape wines, coffee, tea, passion fruit, tomato, almond, muscal grape, cardamom, coriander leaf and seed, tarragon, lovage, Ocimum basilicum, laurel, myrtle leaf and berry, rosemary, clary sage and calabash nutmeg
β-Geranyl Acetate is found in essential oils such as Moroccan commercial essential oils which has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities; and in Salvia scabiosifolia from Bulgaria.
From geraniol by acetylation or by fractional distillation of essential oils in which it is present.
ChEBI: A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester derivative of geraniol.
Taste characteristics at 20 ppm: green, foral, fruity with a citrus nuance.
Clear colorless liquid with an odor of lavender.
Geranyl acetate should be protected from light. Geranyl acetate reacts with strong oxidizing agents.
Geranyl acetate is probably combustible.
Flammability and Explosibility
Non flammable
Mildly toxic by
ingestion. A human skin irritant. Mutation
data reported. Combustible liquid. When
heated to decomposition it emits acrid
smoke and irritating fumes. See also
ESTERS.
Purify the fragrant smelling geranyl acetate by fractional distillation at as high a vacuum as possible. It is very soluble in EtOH but insoluble in H2O. [Beilstein 2 H 140, 2 I 65, 2 II 153, 2 III 299, 2 IV 204.]
[1] SENA OHTSUBO. Inhibition of the compound action potentials of frog sciatic nerves by aroma oil compounds having various chemical structures.[J]. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, 2015, 3 2: e00127. DOI:
10.1002/prp2.127[2] SUZAN A. KHAYYAT Manal Y S. Bioactive epoxides and hydroperoxides derived from naturally monoterpene geranyl acetate[J]. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 2018, 26 1: Pages 14-19. DOI:
10.1016/j.jsps.2017.11.005[3] WON-IL CHO . Sporicidal Activities of Various Surfactant Components against Bacillus subtilis Spores[J]. Journal of food protection, 2015, 78 6: Pages 1221-1225. DOI:
10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-401[4] FEI QI. Geraniol and geranyl acetate induce potent anticancer effects in colon cancer Colo-205 cells by inducing apoptosis, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest.[J]. Journal of Buon, 2018, 23 2: 346-352.
