Kaliumcarbonat

Bezeichnung:Kaliumcarbonat

CAS-Nr584-08-7

Englisch Name:Potassium carbonate

CBNumberCB4853879

SummenformelK2CO3

Molgewicht138.21

MOL-Datei584-08-7.mol

Synonyma

Kaliumcarbonat

Kohlensaures Kalium

Dikaliumcarbonat

Kaliumcarbonat physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt	891 °C (lit.)
Siedepunkt	decomposes [STR93]
Dichte	2.43 g/mL at 25 °C
storage temp.	Store at +5°C to +30°C.
Löslichkeit	H₂O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
pka	10.33[at 20 ℃]
Aggregatzustand	powder
Wichte	2.29
Farbe	Yellow
PH	10.52(1 mM solution);11(10 mM solution);11.36(100 mM solution);
Geruch (Odor)	at 100.00?%. odorless
Wasserlöslichkeit	1120 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive	Hygroscopic
maximale Wellenlänge (λmax)	λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.03 λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.02
Merck	14,7619
BRN	4267587
Dielectric constant	5.6（16.0℃）
Stabilität	Stable. Incompatible with moisture, acids, magnesium bromine trifluoride and magnesium bromine trichloride.
CAS Datenbank	584-08-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen	Dipotassium carbonate(584-08-7)
EPA chemische Informationen	Potassium carbonate (584-08-7)

Sicherheit

Kennzeichnung gefährlicher	Xn
R-Sätze:	22-36/37/38-20/21/22
S-Sätze:	26-36-37/39
RIDADR	3262
WGK Germany	1
RTECS-Nr.	TS7750000
F	3
TSCA	Yes
PackingGroup	III
HS Code	28364000
Giftige Stoffe Daten	584-08-7(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizität	LD50 orally in rats: 1.87 g/kg, H. F. Smyth et al., Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 30, 470 (1969)

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

Potassium carbonate Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE HYGROSKOPISCHE KRISTALLE ODER HYGROSKOPISCHES WEISSES PULVER.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Mittelstarke Base in wässriger Lösung. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Säuren und Chlortrifluorid. Reagiert mit pulverförmigen Metallen.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege.
LECKAGE
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P2-Filter für schädliche Partikel. Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R20/21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Potassium carbonate is a white, crystalline, salt that forms basic aqueous solutions used in the production of fertilizer, glass, ceramics, explosives, soaps, chemicals, and wool treatments. It was the main compound once referred to as potash, although the term today is not reserved exclusively for potassium carbonate, but for several potassium salts. In the fertilizer industry, potash refers to potassium oxide, K2O, rather than potassium carbonate. Pearlash is a purer form of potash made by heating potash to remove impurities.
Verwenden
Potassium carbonate is used in the chemical industry as a source of inorganic potassium salts (potassium silicates, potassium bicarbonate), which are used in fertilizers, soaps, adhesives, dehydrating agents, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. Potassium carbonate used to make potassium lye produces soft soaps, which are liquids or semisolids rather than solids. Other uses of potassium carbonate includes use as a fire suppressant in extinguishers, as a CO2 absorbent for chemical processes and pollution control, an antioxidant in rubber additives, and in pharmaceutical formulations.
Vorbereitung Methode
Potassium carbonate can be obtained from ash or by electrolysis of potassium chloride. Another method involves reacting potassium hydroxide with carbon dioxide. The resulting liquid carbonate contains approximately 50% potassium carbonate in water. However, the solid product, which contains over 70% potassium carbonate, is expensive and only suitable for certain types of acidic soil. Additionally, neutralizing caustic potash with carbon dioxide also yields potassium carbonate.
Definition
ChEBI: Potassium carbonate is a potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid. It has a role as a catalyst, a fertilizer and a flame retardant. It is a carbonate salt and a potassium salt.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is a white salt, soluble in water (insoluble in ethanol) which forms a strongly alkaline solution. It can be made as the product of potassium hydroxide's absorbent reaction with carbon dioxide. It presents a large capacity to absorb moisture.Corrosive to metals and tissue. Density 12.8 lb /gal. Used to make soaps, other potassium compounds, in liquid fertilizers.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Water soluble. Addition of water evolves heat.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Potassium carbonate neutralizes acids exothermically to form salts plus water. Reacts with certain metals (such as aluminum and zinc) to form oxides or hydroxides of the metal and generate gaseous hydrogen. May initiate polymerization reactions in polymerizable organic compounds, especially epoxides. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases with ammonium salts, nitrides, halogenated organics, various metals, peroxides, and hydroperoxides. May serve as a catalyst. Reacts when heated above about 84°C with aqueous solutions of reducing sugars other than sucrose, to evolve toxic levels of carbon monoxide [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995].
Hazard
Solutions irritating to tissue.
Health Hazard
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
Brandgefahr
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.
Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung
Potassium carbonate is used in agriculture and food production. Potassium carbonate is used as a spray or drip fertilizer and also as a constituent of compound fertilizers. Its high water solubility and alkaline property make it useful for supplying potassium to acidic soils, especially in vineyards and orchards. Dutch-processed cocoa uses potassium carbonate as an alkalizing agent to neutralize the natural acidity of cocoa. It is used to produce food additives like potassium sorbate and monopotassium phosphate.
Industrielle Verwendung
Potassium carbonate is used for numerous applications. Its primary use is in the production of specialty glasses and ceramics. It is used to make optical glass, glass used for video screens in televisions and computers, and laboratory glassware. Its is used in certain glasses rather then cheaper sodium carbonate owing to its better compatibility with lead, barium, and strontium oxides incorporated in these glasses. These oxides lower the melting point of glass and produce a softer glass. Potassium carbonate has a higher refractive index than sodium carbonate producing a more brilliant glass. Potassium carbonate is a common flux combined with titanium dioxide to produce frits used in ceramics. A frit is a calcined mixture of fine silica, a pigment, and a flux that is ground a specific particle size and used to produce glazes, enamels, and additives in glass making.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by ingestion. A strong caustic. Incompatible with KCO, chlorine trifluoride, magnesium. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of K2O.
läuterung methode
It crystallises from water between 100o and 0o. The solubility in H2O is 105% at 0o, 127% at 60o and 205% at 135o (b of saturated solution). After two recrystallisations of technical grade material, it had B, Li and Fe at 1.0, 0.04 and 0.01 ppm, respectvely. [D.nges in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 987 1963.]
Einzelnachweise
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_carbonate
https://www.drugs.com/inactive/potassium-carbonate-106.html
http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9926681
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Potassium-Carbonate
Solubility of Potassium Carbonate and Potassium Hydrocarbonate in Methanol DOI:10.1021/JE020012V

Potassium carbonate Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

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