Kaliumiodid

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Warnung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H315：Verursacht Hautreizungen.

  H319：Verursacht schwere Augenreizung.

• Sicherheit

  P305+P351+P338：BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.

Potassium iodide Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
  R36/37:Reizt die Augen und die Atmungsorgane.
  R20/21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
  R19:Kann explosionsfähige Peroxide bilden.
  R11:Leichtentzündlich.
  R43:Sensibilisierung durch Hautkontakt möglich.
  R34:Verursacht Verätzungen.
  R20/21:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen und bei Berührung mit der Haut.
  R42/43:Sensibilisierung durch Einatmen und Hautkontakt möglich.
  R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
  R61:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib schädigen.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
  S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
  S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
  S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
  S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
  S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
  S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
  S22:Staub nicht einatmen.

• Aussehen Eigenschaften

  KI. Farblose Kristalle ohne Geruch.

• Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt

  Reizt die Augen und Atmungsorgane.
  Resorption grösserer Mengen führt zu Blutdruckabfall, Lähmungen und Erbrechen.
  Nicht mit Alkalimetallen, Ammoniak, Halogen-Halogenverbindungen, Fluor oder Wasserstoffperoxid in Berührung bringen.

• Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln

  Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Staubschutz.

• Verhalten im Gefahrfall

  Trocken aufnehmen. Der Entsorgung zuführen. Nachreinigen.
  Auf Umgebung abstimmen.
  Im Brandfall können gefährliche Gase freigesetzt werden.

• Erste Hilfe

  Nach Hautkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser abwaschen.
  Nach Augenkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser bei geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 15 Minuten ausspülen. Augenarzt hinzuziehen.
  Nach Einatmen: Frischluft.
  Nach Verschlucken: Reichlich Wasser trinken. Erbrechen auslösen. Sofort Arzt hinzuziehen.
  Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontminierte Kleidung entfernen.
  Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag

• Sachgerechte Entsorgung

  Gelöst in Wasser zu den neutralen, wässrigen Lösemittelabfällen geben.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Potassium iodide is a white crystals, granules, or powder; strong, bitter, saline taste. becomes yellowish when exposed to bright light due to photochemical decomposition liberating traces of free iodine. Soluble in water, alcohol, acetone, and glycerol. slightly soluble in ether and ammonia. It may be prepared bythe reaction of iodine with hot potassiumhydroxide solution followed by separation from the iodate (which isalso formed) by fractional crystallization. In solution it has the interestingproperty of dissolving iodine to formthe triiodide ion I3-, which is brown. Potassium iodide is widely used as ananalytical reagent, in photography,and also as an additive to table salt toprevent goitre and other disordersdue to iodine deficiency.
  

• Occurrence

  Potassium iodide is found in seaweed. Some important applications of this compound involve its use in pharmaceuticals and as a source of iodine in food,especially in animal and poultry feed. Potassium iodide is added to table salt to provide iodine in human food.
  Another major use is in making photographic emulsions. In analytical chemistry, potassium iodide is used in iodometric titration with starch indicator to analyze dissolved oxygen, dissolved chlorine, sulfide, and other analytes in water.

• Verwenden

  Potassium Iodide is a source of iodine and a nutrient and dietary supplement. it exists as crystals or powder and has a solubility of 1 g in 0.7 ml of water at 25°c. it is included in table salt for the preven- tion of goiter.Potassium Iodide is used primarily used in the treatment of radiation poisoning due to environmental contamination by iodine-131. It is also manufacture of photographic emulsions; in animal and poultry feeds to the extent of 10-30 parts per million; in table salt as a source of iodine and in some drinking water; also In animal chemistry. In medicine,potassium iodide is used to regulate the thyroid gland.

• Application

  Potassium iodide was first used as the primary halide in Talbot’s calotype process, then in the albumen on glass process followed by the wet collodion process. It was also used as a secondary halide in silver bromide gelatin emulsions, animal feeds, catalysts, photographic chemicals, and for sanitation. Potassium iodide is produced by reaction of potassium hydroxide with iodine. The product is purified by crystallization from water. Potassium iodide is ionic compound which iodine ions and silver ions can form yellow precipitate silver iodide (when exposes to light, it can decompose, it can be used to make high-speed photographic film), silver nitrate can be used to verify the presence of iodine ions.

• synthetische

  Potassium iodide is made by absorption of iodine in potassium hydroxide:
  I2 + 6KOH → 5KI + KIO3 + 3H2O
  Most potassium iodate, KIO3 , is separated from the product mixture by crystallization and filtration. Remaining iodates are removed by evaporation of the solution and other processes, such as carbon reduction or thermal decompostion at 600oC to iodide:
  2KIO3 → 2KI + 3O2
  Another method of preparation that does not involve the formation of iodate is by treating iron turnings with iodine solution. The product, ferrosoferric iodide, Fe3I8?16H2O, is boiled with 15 wt% potassium carbonate solution:
  Fe3I8.16H2O + 4K2CO3 → 8 KI + 4CO2 + Fe3O4 + 16H2O
  A similar method is used to prepare potassium bromide, discussed earlier (see Potassium Bromide.)
  Potassium iodide can be prepared by reacting hydriodic acid with potassium bicarbonate:
  HI + KHCO3 → KI + CO2 + H2O
  It is purified by melting in dry hydrogen.
  Potassium iodide also may be obtained by various electrolytic processes.

• Definition

  ChEBI: Potassium iodide is a metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. A compound that contains pentavalent iodine, which is usually ionically bound to electropositive atoms. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. It has a role as a radical scavenger and an expectorant. It contains an iodide. It is a type of iodine that is not radioactive and can be used to help block one type of radioactive material, radioactive iodine (I-131), from being absorbed by the thyroid.

• Trademarks

  Iosat (Anbex); Thyro-Block (Medpointe); Thyrosafe (R R Registrations); Thyroshield (Fleming).

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  Potassium iodide is an odorless white solid. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Water soluble.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  Bromine trifluoride rapidly attacks the following salts: barium chloride, cadmium chloride, calcium chloride, cesium chloride, lithium chloride, silver chloride, rubidium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium chloride, Potassium iodide, rhodium tetrabromide, sodium bromide, sodium chloride, and sodium iodide [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:164, 165. 1956].

• Health Hazard

  May irritate eyes or open cuts.

• Pharmakokinetik

  Potassium Iodide is a metal halide composed of potassium and iodide with thyroid protecting and expectorant properties. Potassium iodide can block absorption of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland through flooding the thyroid with non-radioactive iodine and preventing intake of radioactive molecules, thereby protecting the thyroid from cancer causing radiation. In addition, this agent acts as an expectorant by increasing secretion of respiratory fluids resulting in decreased mucus viscosity.

• Clinical Use

  Potassium iodide is used to treat the cutaneous lymphatic form of sporotrichosis, although newer agents are also effective in this disorder and may be better tolerated tolerated. The drug is also used for erythema nodosum and nodular vasculitis.

• Sicherheitsprofil

  Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Human teratogenic effects by ingestion: developmental abnormalities of the endocrine system. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Explosive reaction with charcoal + ozone, trifluoroacetyl hypofluorite, fluorine perchlorate. Violent reaction or ignition on contact with dazonium salts, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride. Incompatible with oxidants, BrF3, FClO, metaltic salts, calomel. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of K2O and I-. See also IODIDES.

• läuterung methode

  Crystallise it from distilled water (0.5mL/g) by filtering the near-boiling solution and cooling. To minimise oxidation to iodine, the process can be carried out under N2 and the salt is dried under a vacuum over P2O5 at 70-100o. Before drying, the crystals can be washed with EtOH or with acetone followed by pet ether. It has also been recrystallised from water/ethanol. After 2 recrystallisations, ACS/USP grade had Li and Sb at <0.02 and <0.01 ppm respectively. [Lingane & Kolthoff Inorg Synth I 163 1939.]

Potassium iodide Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Kaliumiodid Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

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