L-аспарагиновой кислоты

Описание

L-Aspartic acid is the L-form of the aspartic acid. It is one of the 20 amino acids that used in the protein synthesis. It is the non-essential amino acids for humans as it can be synthesized in vivo. It is important in the synthesis of other amino acids and some nucleotides, and is a metabolite in the citric acid and urea cycles. In animals, it may be used as a neurotransmitter. It can be chemically synthesize from the diethyl sodium phthalimidomalonate. Currently, almost all the aspartic acids are manufactured in China. Its application include being used as low calorie sweetener (as the part of the aspartame), scale and corrosion inhibitor, and in resins. One of its growing applications is for the manufacturing of biodegradable superabsorbent polymer, polyaspartic acid. It can also be used in fertilizer industry to improve water retention and nitrogen uptake.

Физические свойства

Solubility 0.5 (25 ℃) g/100 g H2O, pI 2.98, dissociation constants: pK1 2.1, pK2 3.86 (β-COOH), pK3 9.82    

Химические свойства

Colorless crystals. Soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol and ether. Optically active. dl-aspartic acid.

Вхождение

Dietary sources
Aspartic acid is not an essential amino acid, which means that it can be synthesized from central metabolic pathway intermediates in humans. Aspartic acid is found in :
Animal sources : luncheon meats, sausage meat, wild game
Vegetable sources: sprouting seeds, oat flakes, avocado,
asparagus , young sugarcane, and molasses from sugar beets.
Chemical synthesis
Racemic aspartic acid can be synthesized from diethyl sodium phthalimido malonate, (C₆H₄(CO)₂NC(CO₂Et)₂).
The major disadvantage of the above technique is that equimolar amounts of each enantiomer are made. Using biotechnology it is now possible to use immobilized enzymes to create just one type of enantiomer owing to their stereo specificity. Aspartic acid is made synthetically using ammonium fumarate and aspartase from E.coli, E.coli usually breaks down the aspartic acid as a nitrogen source but using excess amounts of ammonium fumarate a reversal of the enzyme's job is possible, and so aspartic acid is made to very high yields, 98.7 mM from 1 M.

История

Aspartic acid was first discovered in 1827 by Plisson, derived from asparagine, which had been isolated from asparagus juice in 1806, by boiling with a base.

Использование

L-aspartic acid is used as a dietary supplement, it can be blended with minerals to make compounds like potassium aspartate, copper aspartate, manganese aspartate, magnesium aspartate, zinc aspartate and more. Increasing the absorption, and hence utilization potentials, of these minerals via the addition of aspartate induces certain health benefits. Many athletes use L-aspartic acid-based mineral supplements orally to enhance their performance capacities. Aspartic acid and glutamic acid play important roles as general acids in enzyme active centers, as well as in maintaining the solubility and ionic character of proteins. It can help promote a robust metabolism, and is sometimes used to treat fatigue and depression. Aspartic acid is used as a component of parenteral and enteral nutrition. In pharmaceutical agents aspartic acid is used as an ammoniac detoxicating agent, hepar function accelerator and fatigue refresher.

Определение

ChEBI: The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.

Общее описание

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Опасность

Low toxicity.

Биологическая активность

Endogenous NMDA receptor agonist.

Профиль безопасности

Low toxicity by intraperitoneal route. When heated to decomposition emits toxic fumes of NOx.