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Аммоний гидроксид
- английское имяAmmonium hydroxide
- CAS №1336-21-6
- CBNumberCB1853050
- ФормулаH5NO
- мольный вес35.05
- EINECS215-647-6
- номер MDLMFCD00066650
- файл Mol1336-21-6.mol
Температура плавления | -77°C |
Температура кипения | 36°C |
плотность | 0.91 g/mL at 20 °C |
плотность пара | 1.2 (vs air) |
давление пара | 115 mmHg at 20 °C for 29% solution |
температура хранения | 2-8°C |
растворимость | Water (Soluble) |
форма | Liquid, Single Sub-Boiling Quartz Distillation |
пка | 9.3(at 25℃) |
Удельный вес | approximate 0.96 (10%, 15℃) |
цвет | Colorless |
Запах | Strong pungent ammonia odor detectable at 17 ppm |
РН | 10.09(1 mM solution);10.61(10 mM solution);11.12(100 mM solution); |
Пределы взрываемости | 27% |
Растворимость в воде | Miscible with water. |
λмакс | λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.01 λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01 |
Мерк | 14,494 |
БРН | 3587154 |
Стабильность | Stable. Incompatible with copper, copper alloys, acids, galvanised iron, zinc, aluminium, bronze, dimethyl sulphate, mercury, alkali metals. |
ИнЧИКей | VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Справочник по базе данных CAS | 1336-21-6(CAS DataBase Reference) |
FDA 21 CFR | 184.1139; 582.1139; 310.545 |
Вещества, добавляемые в пищу (ранее EAFUS) | AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE |
Специальный комитет по веществам GRAS | Ammonium hydroxide |
Рейтинг продуктов питания EWG | 2-3 |
Система регистрации веществ EPA | Ammonium hydroxide (1336-21-6) |
Информация о косметике | Ammonium Hydroxide |
UNSPSC Code | 12352402 |
NACRES | NB.21 |
Коды опасности | C,N | |||||||||
Заявления о рисках | 34-50-22 | |||||||||
Заявления о безопасности | 26-36/37/39-45-61 | |||||||||
РИДАДР | UN 2672 8/PG 3 | |||||||||
WGK Германия | 2 | |||||||||
RTECS | BQ9625000 | |||||||||
F | 34 | |||||||||
Температура самовоспламенения | 690 °C (for ammonia) | |||||||||
TSCA | Yes | |||||||||
Класс опасности | 8 | |||||||||
Группа упаковки | III | |||||||||
кода HS | 28142000 | |||||||||
Банк данных об опасных веществах | 1336-21-6(Hazardous Substances Data) | |||||||||
Токсичность | LD50 oral (rat) 350 mg/kg PEL (OSHA) 35 ppm (27 mg/m3) TLV-TWA (ACGIH) 25 ppm (17 mg/m3) STEL (ACGIH) 35 ppm (27 mg/m3) | |||||||||
NFPA 704: |
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рисовальное письмо(GHS)
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рисовальное письмо(GHS)
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сигнальный язык
опасность
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вредная бумага
H335:Может вызывать раздражение верхних дыхательных путей.
H314:При попадании на кожу и в глаза вызывает химические ожоги.
H410:Чрезвычайно токсично для водных организмов с долгосрочными последствиями.
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оператор предупредительных мер
P261:Избегать вдыхания пыли/ дыма/ газа/ тумана/ паров/ аэрозолей.
P271:Использовать только на открытом воздухе или в хорошо вентилируемом помещении.
P273:Избегать попадания в окружающую среду.
P280:Использовать перчатки/ средства защиты глаз/ лица.
P303+P361+P353:ПРИ ПОПАДАНИИ НА КОЖУ (или волосы): Снять/удалить немедленно всю загрязненную одежду. Промыть кожу водой.
P305+P351+P338:ПРИ ПОПАДАНИИ В ГЛАЗА: Осторожно промыть глаза водой в течение нескольких минут. Снять контактные линзы, если Вы ими пользуетесь и если это легко сделать. Продолжить промывание глаз.
Аммоний гидроксид химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Ammonium hydroxide is a colorless, liquid solution with a characteristic and pungent odor. It is ammonia combined with water. Ammonia (NH3) is a compound consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen. Both ammonia and ammonium hydroxide are very common compounds, found naturally in the environment (in air, water, and soil) and in all plants and animals, including humans. Ammonia is a source of nitrogen, an essential element for plants and animals. Ammonia is also produced by the human body – by our organs and tissues and by beneficial bacteria living in our intestines.
Ammonia plays an important role in protein synthesis in the human body. In brief summary, all living things need proteins, which are comprised of some 20 different amino acids. While plants and microorganisms can synthesize most amino acids from the nitrogen in the atmosphere, animals cannot. For humans, some amino acids cannot be synthesized at all and must be consumed as intact amino acids. Other amino acids, however, can be synthesized by microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract with the help of ammonia ions. Thus, ammonia is a key player in the nitrogen cycle and in protein synthesis. Ammonia also helps maintain the body's pH balance.
Химические свойства
Ammonium hydroxide exists only in the form of an aqueous solution. The compound is prepared by dissolving NH3 in H2O and usually is referred to in industrial trade as aqua ammonia. For industrial procurements, the concentration of NH3 in solution is normally specified in terms of the specific gravity (degrees Baum′e, °Be). Common concentrations are 20 °Be and 26 °Be. The former is equivalent to a sp gr of 0.933, or a concentration of about 17.8% NH3 in solution; the latter is equivalent to a sp gr of 0.897, or a concentration of about 29.4% NH3. These figures apply at a temperature of 60 °F (15.6 °C). Reagent grade NH4OH usually contains approximately 58% NH4OH (from 28 to 30% NH3 in solution).Использование
Ammonium hydroxide is used as a cleaning agent and sanitizer in many household and industrial cleaners. Ammonium hydroxide is also used in the manufacture of products such as fertilizer, plastic, rayon and rubber. Aqueous ammonia is corrosive to aluminum alloys, copper, copper alloys, and galvanized surfaces. Aqueous ammonia is an excellent acid neutralizer.Определение
Ammonium hydroxide,NH40H, is a hydrate of anunonia and exists in crystalline form at -79°C. Normally, it is only found in an aqueous solution also known as aquaanunonia and anunonia water. It is prepared by dissolving NH3 inH20. Reagent grade anunonium hydroxide contains from 28 to 30% NH3 at 15.6 °C. Industrial sales specify the concentration of NH3 in solution in terms of specific gravity. Common concentrations are 20 °Be, which would bea concentration of 17.8% NH3 (specific gravity 0.933) and 26 °Be (specific gravity 0.897), or a concentration of 29.4% NH3. Ammonium hydroxide is an excellent medium for the reaction of NH3 (which becomes the NH4 radical in solution) with other compounds for the preparation of anunonium salts and other nitrogen-containing chemicals. It is an ingredientin deodorants, etching compounds, and cleaning and bleaching materials. Ammoniumhydroxide, as aqua ammonia, finds wide use as a neutralizing agent,because it is inexpensive and strongly alkaline.Общее описание
Ammonium hydroxide appears as a colorless aqueous solution. Concentration of ammonia ranges up to approximately 30%. Ammonia vapors (which arise from the solution) irritate the eyes. It has a role as a food acidity regulator.Реакции воздуха и воды
Water soluble. Generates a small amount of heat when diluted with water.Профиль реактивности
Ammonium hydroxide reacts exothermically with acids. Evolves toxic gaseous ammonia with strong bases. Reacts extremely violently with dimethyl sulfate [NFPA 491M 1991]. Reacts with aqueous silver nitrate sodium hydroxide to give a black precipitate of silver nitride. Such a precipitate can explode on stirring [MCA Case History 1554 1968]. Aqueous ammonia and Hg react to form an explosive solid, likely a fulminate. (Thodos, G. Amer. Inst. Chen. Engrs. J., 1964, 10, 274.).Опасность
Liquid and vapor extremely irritating, especially to eyes.Угроза здоровью
Ammonium hydroxide solutions are alkaline solutions, meaning they have high pH level. As a result, ammonium hydroxide is a severe eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritant, and readily burns tissue with which it comes in contact. Splashes to the eye may be serious, as contact may cause severe burns, irritation pain and possibly blindness. Direct contact with skin may cause severe burns if the chemical is not quickly rinsed away with copious amounts of water. Inhaling mists of ammonium hydroxide may result in irritation of the nose and throat with symptoms including burning, coughing, choking and pain. Inhaling concentrated mist may result in pulmonary edema and shock. Ingesting ammonium hydroxide may cause pain and burns of the esophagus and gastrointestinal tract.TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
Пожароопасность
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.Воспламеняемость и взрывоопасность
Ammonia vapor is slightly flammable (NFPA rating = 1) and ignites only with difficulty. Ammonia forms explosive mixtures with air in the range 16 to 25%. Water, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for ammonia fires.Сельскохозяйственное использование
Ammonium hydroxide is also known as ammonia solution, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia or ammonia liquor. It is the solution of ammonia in water and is commonly referred to as ammonium hydroxide. It is the simplest nitrogen solution made by forcing compressed ammonia (anhydrous ammonia) gas into water.Профиль безопасности
A human poison by ingestion. An experimental poison by inhalation and ingestion. A severe eye irritant. Human systemic irritant effects by ocular and inhalation routes. Mutation data reported. Incompatible with acrolein, nitromethane, acrylic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, dimethyl sulfate, halogens, (Au + aqua regia), HCl, HF, HNO3, oleum, ppropiolactone, propylene oxide, AgNO3, Ag2O, (Ag20 + C2H5OH), AgMn04, H2SO4. Dangerous; liquid can inflict burns. Use with adequate ventilation. When heated to decomposition it emits NH3 and NO2.Возможный контакт
It is used in detergents, stain removers, bleaches, dyes, fibers, and resins.хранилище
All work with this substance should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent exposure by inhalation, and splash goggles and impermeable gloves should be worn at all times to prevent eye and skin contact.Containers should be tightly sealed to prevent escape of vapor and should be stored in a cool area separate from halogens, acids, and oxidizers. Containers stored in warm locations may build up dangerous internal pressures of ammonia gas.
Перевозки
UN2672 Ammonia solutions, relative density between 0.880 and 0.957 at 15 C in water, with .10% but not .35% ammonia, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.Несовместимости
Solution is strongly alkaline. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, acids (exothermic reaction with strong mineral acids). Shock-sensitive compounds may be formed with halogens, mercury oxide; silver oxide. Fire and explosions may be caused by contact with β-propiolactone, silver nitrate; ethyl alcoho; silver permanganate; trimethylammonium amide; 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, o-chloronitrobenzene, platinum, trioxygen difluoride; selenium difluoride dioxide; boron halides; mercury, chlorine, iodine; bromine, hypochlorites, chlorine bleach; amides, organic anhydrides; isocyanates, vinyl acetate; alkylene oxides; epichlorohydrin; aldehydes. Attacks some coatings, plastics and rubber. Attacks copper, brass, bronze, aluminum, steel, zinc, and their alloys.Утилизация отходов
Dilute with water, neutralize with HCl and discharge to sewer.Аммоний гидроксид запасные части и сырье
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