Алюминия гидроксид

Химические свойства

Aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)3, also known as aluminum trihydroxide, aluminum trihydrate, aluminum hydrate, hydrated alumina, and hydrated aluminum oxide, is a white to whitish-yellow water-insoluble powder with a specific gravity of 2.42. Aluminum hydroxide is used as a baseforpigments, as a water repellent in textile coatings, and as an antacid in medicine. Aluminum hydroxide is soluble in hydrochloric or sulfuric acids or in sodiumhydroxide.

Использование

aluminum hydroxide is an inorganic compound used to make a product less transparent. It is also used by formulators as a humectant, and to soften, smooth, and protect the skin. In addition it helps control product viscosity. often found in facial masks and make-up preparations.

Методы производства

Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant is prepared by the precipitation of a soluble aluminum salt by an alkali hydroxide, or the precipitation of an alkali aluminate by acid.

Фармацевтические приложения

Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant is used in parenteral human and veterinary vaccines.It activates Th2 immune responses, including IgG and IgE antibody responses. It is also used for the isolation of certain serum components such as blood clotting factors.

Профиль безопасности

Poison by intraperitoneal route. Human systemic effects by ingestion: fever, osteomalacia, and gastrointestinal effects. When coprecipitated with bismuth hydroxide and reduced by H2, it is violently flammable in air. Incompatible with chlorinated rubber.

Безопасность

Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant is intended for use in parenteral vaccines and is generally regarded as nontoxic. It may cause mild irritation, dryness, and dermatitis on skin contact. On eye contact, aluminum hydroxide adjuvant may also cause redness, conjunctivitis, and short-term mild irritation. Ingestion of large amounts may cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Inhalation of the dried product may cause respiratory irritation and cough. Type I hypersensitivity reactions following parenteral administration have been reported.

хранилище

Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant is stable for at least 2 years when stored at 4–308℃ in well-sealed inert containers. It must not be allowed to freeze as the hydrated colloid structure will be irreversibly damaged.

Несовместимости

When exposed to phosphate, carbonate, sulfate, or borate anions, the point of zero charge for aluminum hydroxide adjuvant decreases.

Регуляторный статус

GRAS listed. Accepted for use in human and veterinary parenteral vaccines in Europe and the USA. The limits for use in human vaccines are 0.85 mg aluminum/dose (FDA) and 1.25 mg aluminum/ dose (WHO). There are no established limits for use in veterinary vaccines. Reported in the EPA TSCA Inventory.