비타민E

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Warning

• 유해·위험 문구

  H317：알레르기성 피부 반응을 일으킬 수 있음

• 예방조치문구

  P261：분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이의 흡입을 피하시오.

  P272：작업장 밖으로 오염된 의복을 반출하지 마시오.

  P280：보호장갑/보호의/보안경/안면보호구를 착용하시오.

  P333+P313：피부자극성 또는 홍반이 나타나면 의학적인 조치·조언를 구하시오.

  P501：...에 내용물 / 용기를 폐기 하시오.

비타민E 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 개요

  비타민E는 지용성 비타민의 일종으로, 4종의 토코페롤(알파토코페롤, 베타토코페롤, 감마토코페롤, 델타토코페롤)과 4종의 토코트리에놀(알파토코트리에놀, 베타토코트리에놀, 감마토코트리에놀, 델타토코트리에놀) 성분으로 구성되어 있다.

• 용도

  각종 독소와 발암물질(수은, 납, 오존, 아산화질소)로부터 인체를 지켜준다. 혈관의 탄력을 유지하고 생체막에서 지방질(LDL)의 산화를 억제해서 세포막을 산화시키지 않으려는 작용을 하는 강력한 항산화물질이다. 또한, 적혈구 보호, 세포호흡, 헴 합성 및 혈소판 응집에 관여한다.

• 화학적 성질

  1mg = 1.1 IU

• 용도

  dl-α-Tocopherol is the racemic analog of α-Tocopherol (T526125), the most bioactive of the naturally occurring forms of Vitamin E. Richest sources are green vegetables, grains, and oils, particularly palm, safflower and sunflower oils. dl-α-Tocopherol is an antioxidant that protects cell membrane lipids from oxidative damage.

• 생산 방법

  Naturally occurring tocopherols are obtained by the extraction or molecular distillation of steam distillates of vegetable oils; for example, alpha tocopherol occurs in concentrations of 0.1–0.3% in corn, rapeseed, soybean, sunflower, and wheat germ oils.Beta and gamma tocopherol are usually found in natural sources along with alpha tocopherol. Racemic synthetic tocopherols may be prepared by the condensation of the appropriate methylated hydroquinone with racemic isophytol.

• 일반 설명

  TGF-β3 (transforming growth factor-β3) belongs to the TGF β superfamily. The TGFβ3 gene is mapped to human chromosome 14q24.3

• Pharmaceutical Applications

  Alpha tocopherol is primarily recognized as a source of vitamin E, and the commercially available materials and specifications reflect this purpose. While alpha tocopherol also exhibits antioxidant properties, the beta, delta, and gamma tocopherols are considered to be more effective as antioxidants.
  Alpha-tocopherol is a highly lipophilic compound, and is an excellent solvent for many poorly soluble drugs.Of widespread regulatory acceptability, tocopherols are of value in oil- or fat-based pharmaceutical products and are normally used in the concentration range 0.001–0.05% v/v. There is frequently an optimum concentration; thus the autoxidation of linoleic acid and methyl linolenate is reduced at low concentrations of alpha tocopherol, and is accelerated by higher concentrations. Antioxidant effectiveness can be increased by the addition of oil-soluble synergists such as lecithin and ascorbyl palmitate.
  Alpha tocopherol may be used as an efficient plasticizer. It has been used in the development of deformable liposomes as topical formulations.
  d-Alpha-tocopherol has also been used as a non-ionic surfactant in oral and injectable formulations.

• Safety

  Tocopherols (vitamin E) occur in many food substances that are consumed as part of the normal diet. The daily nutritional requirement has not been clearly defined but is estimated to be 3.0–20.0 mg. Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is dependent upon normal pancreatic function and the presence of bile. Tocopherols are widely distributed throughout the body, with some ingested tocopherol metabolized in the liver; excretion of metabolites is via the urine or bile. Individuals with vitamin E deficiency are usually treated by oral administration of tocopherols, although intramuscular and intravenous administration may sometimes be used.
  Tocopherols are well tolerated, although excessive oral intake may cause headache, fatigue, weakness, digestive disturbance, and nausea. Prolonged and intensive skin contact may lead to erythema and contact dermatitis.
  The use of tocopherols as antioxidants in pharmaceuticals and food products is unlikely to pose any hazard to human health since the daily intake from such uses is small compared with the intake of naturally occurring tocopherols in the diet.
  The WHO has set an acceptable daily intake of tocopherol used as an antioxidant at 0.15–2.0 mg/kg body-weight.

• 저장

  Tocopherols are oxidized slowly by atmospheric oxygen and rapidly by ferric and silver salts. Oxidation products include tocopheroxide, tocopherylquinone, and tocopherylhydroquinone, as well as dimers and trimers. Tocopherol esters are more stable to oxidation than the free tocopherols but are in consequence less effective antioxidants.
  Tocopherols should be stored under an inert gas, in an airtight container in a cool, dry place and protected from light.

• Purification Methods

  Dissolve dl--tocopherol in anhydrous MeOH (15mL/g) cool to -6o for 1hour, then chill in a Dry-ice/acetone bath; crystallisation is induced by scratching with a glass rod. The dl--acetate [52225-20-4] (see DL-vitamin E actetate below) is a viscous yellow liquid with m -7o, b 184o/0.01mm, 224o/0.3mm, d 4 20 0.953, n D 20 1.496. It is used as a standard for Vitamin E activity where the unit of activity is attained with 1mg of pure dl--acetate. [Friedrich “Vitamins” Water de Guyter Publ, Berlin 1988, Beilstein 17/4 V 168.]

• 비 호환성

  Tocopherols are incompatible with peroxides and metal ions, especially iron, copper, and silver. Tocopherols may be absorbed into plastic.

• Regulatory Status

  GRAS listed. Accepted in Europe as a food additive. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (IV injections, powder, lyophilized powder for liposomal suspension; oral capsules, tablets, and topical preparations). Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK.

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