Verapamilhydrochlorid

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Achtung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H301：Giftig bei Verschlucken.

  H411：Giftig für Wasserorganismen, mit langfristiger Wirkung.

• Sicherheit

  P264：Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.

  P264：Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.

  P270：Bei Gebrauch nicht essen, trinken oder rauchen.

  P273：Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden.

  P301+P310：BEI VERSCHLUCKEN: Sofort GIFTINFORMATIONSZENTRUM/Arzt/... (geeignete Stelle für medizinische Notfallversorgung vom Hersteller/Lieferanten anzugeben) anrufen.

  P391：Verschüttete Mengen aufnehmen.

  P405：Unter Verschluss aufbewahren.

(+/-)-Verapamil hydrochloride Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R25:Giftig beim Verschlucken.
  R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
  S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
  S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.

• Beschreibung

  Verapamil HCl (152-11-4) is a clinically useful L-type calcium channel blocker.1 It is also used as an inhibitor of drug efflux pump proteins.2

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  white to off-white powder

• Originator

  Isoptin,Knoll ,W. Germany ,1963

• Verwenden

  Bromhexine metabolite, sodium channel blocker, decongestent secretolytic agent for respiratory diseases

• Verwenden

  analgesic, antipyretic

• Verwenden

  ±)-Verapamil hydrochloride is a calcium channel modulator, adrenoceptor antagonist, anti-arrhythmic, cardiac depressant, and coronary vasodilator. It is also a calcium channel-blocker. It acts by inhibiting the slow channel entry of calcium into the cell. It acts by plugging up the channels and limiting the entry of calcium into both smooth muscle cells of arteriolar walls and the cardiac muscle cells at higher doses.

• Manufacturing Process

  177.2 g (1 mol) of veratryl cyanide are dissolved in 1 liter of toluene in a three-neck flask. 42.9 g (1.1 mols) of pulverized sodium amide are added. The mixture is heated to boiling under reflux for one hour while stirring and excluding moisture. A solution of the base (N-methyl-N-homoveratryl)-γ- aminochloropropane, freshly prepared from 339.2 g (1.1 mols) of the hydrochloride, in 1.2 liters of toluene is added drop by drop into this boiling mixture within two hours while stirring vigorously. Heating and stirring are continued for four more hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture is poured into 3 liters of ice water while stirring, The mixture is acidified with 20% hydrochloric acid. The acidified aqueous layer is separated, neutralized by the addition of sodium hydroxide solution, and rendered alkaline by the addition of concentrated potassium carbonate solution. The precipitated oily base is taken up in benzene. On evaporating the solvent, 402 g of the crude base are obtained in the form of a reddish-brown, viscous oil.
  The crude base is dissolved in a mixture of 550 ml of isopropanol and 650 ml of ethyl acetate; Gaseous hydrogen chloride is introduced into the solution until it is of weakly acidic reaction. On allowing the mixture to stand at 0°C, 365 g of α-[(N-methyl-N-homoveratryl)-γ-amino-propyl]-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl acetonitrile hydrochloride precipitate as a slightly yellowish crystal powder of the melting point 136°C to 139°C (corr.). Yield: 81% of the theoretical yield. The pure, white hydrochloride melting at 140°C to 142°C (corr.) is obtained on recrystallizing the crude salt twice from isopropanol with the addition of decolorizing carbon. The salt is very soluble in water. The base prepared from the hydrochloride in the form of an almost colorless, very viscous oil boils at 233°C to 235°C/0.01 mm Hg; nD25= 1.5532. Dioxalate, melting point: 123°C to 125°C (corr.), on recrystallization from acetone and isopropanol.
  61.9 g (0.15 mol) of α-[(N-methyl-N-homoveratryl)-γ-aminopropyl]-3,4- dimethoxyphenyl acetonitrile are dissolved in 300 ml of toluene. The solution is heated to boiling under reflux with 8.5 g (1.45 x 0.15 mols) of pulverized sodium amide for one hour while stirring. Thereafter, a solution of 31.4 g (1.7 x 0.15 mols) of isopropyl bromide in 50 ml of toluene is added drop by drop thereto within 90 minutes and the mixture is kept boiling for four more hours while stirring. The cooled reaction mixture is allowed to run into 1.5 liters of ice water and the mixture is acidified with 20% hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer is separated and is rendered alkaline by the addition of a solution of potassium carbonate. The base is taken up in warm benzene. The solvent is evaporated and the residue is distilled in a vacuum. 62.6 g of α- isopropyl-α-[(N-methyl-N-homoveratryl)-γ-aminopropy]-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl acetonitrile are obtained in the form of a light yellow, very viscous oil. Boiling point: 232°C to 235°C/0.01 mm Hg; n D 25 = 1.5460. Yield: 91.8% of the theoretical yield. Hydrochloride: melting point: 139.5°C to 140.5°C (corr.), on recrystallization from a mixture of isopropanol and ethyl acetate.

• Trademarks

  Calan (Searle); Covera (Searle); Isoptin (FSC); Isoptin (Par); Verelan (Elan).

• Therapeutic Function

  Coronary vasodilator, Antiarrhythmic

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
  Verapamil hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocker used commonly for the management of angina, supra-ventricular tachyarrhythmia, hypertension, migraine and atrial tachyarrhythmias.

• Biologische Aktivität

  L-type calcium channel blocker. Vasodilator, adrenergic antagonist.

• Biochem/physiol Actions

  α1-adrenoceptor antagonist; L-type calcium channel blocker. Blocks L-type Ca2+ channels in smooth and cardiac muscle, induces apoptosis of human primary and metastatic colon adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Drug resistance reversal agent acting on Pgp, e.g. decrease renal tubule elimination of digoxin. Increases basal ATPase activity of Pgp. Substrate of Cyp3A4 and CYP2C6.

• Lager

  Room temperature

• Einzelnachweise

  1) Brgden and Benfield (1996) Verapamil: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in coronary artery disease; Drugs, 51 792 2) Safa et al. (1987) Identification of the multidrug resistance-related membrane glycoprotein as an acceptor for calcium channel blockers; J. Biol. Chem., 262 7884

(+/-)-Verapamil hydrochloride Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Verapamilhydrochlorid Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

Global(434)Suppliers

152-11-4, (+/-)-Verapamil hydrochloride Verwandte Suche: