7782-50-5

A greenish yellow, poisonous gas, chlorine is one of the halogens used in silver halide photography. In its elemental form, chlorine was used in the daguerreotype process as an accelerator. See also the various chlorides listed under their compound names, such as Ammonium Chloride.

R23:Toxic by inhalation.
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin .
R50:Very Toxic to aquatic organisms.

S9:Keep container in a well-ventilated place .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet .

Moderately toxic to humans by inhalation. Very irritating by inhalation. Human mutation data reported. Human respiratory system effects by inhalation: changes in the trachea or bronchi, emphysema, chronic pulmonary edema or congestion, A strong irritant to eyes and mucous membranes. Questionable carcinogen. Chlorine is extremely irritating to the mucous membranes of the eyes and the respiratory tract at 3 ppm. Combines with moisture to form HCl. Both these substances, if present in quantity, cause inflammation of the tissues with which they come in contact. A concentration of 3.5 ppm produces a detectable odor; 15 ppm causes immediate irritation of the throat. Concentrations of 50 pprn are dangerous for even short exposures; 1000 pprn may be fatal, even when exposure is brief. Because of its intensely irritating properties, severe industrial exposure seldom occurs, as the worker is forced to leave the exposure area before he can be seriously affected. In cases where this is impossible, the initial irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes of the nose and throat is followed by coughing, a feeling of suffocation, and, later, pain and a feeling of constriction in the chest. If exposure has been severe, pulmonary edemamay follow, with rales being heard over the chest. It is a common air contaminant. or UV light, air + ethylene, molten aluminum, ammonia, amidosulfuric acid, antimony trichloride + tetramethyl silane (at loo'), benzene + light, biuret, bromine pentafluoride + heat, tert-butanol, butyl rubber + naphtha, carbon disulfide + iron catalyst, chlorinated pyridine + iron powder, 3-chloropropyne, cobalt(Ⅱ) chloride + methanol, dborane, dbutyl phthalate (at 1 18'), dchloro(methy1)arsine (in a sealed container), diethyl ether, dimethyl phosphoramidiate, dioxygen difluoride, dsilyl oxide, 4,4'-dithiodimorpholine, ethane over activated carbon (at 350'), fluorine + sparks, gasoline, glycerol (above 70' in a sealed container), hexachlorodisilane (above 300'), hydrocarbon oils or waxes, iron(IⅡ) chloride + monomers (e.g., styrene), methane over mercury oxide, methanol, methanol + tetrapyridme cobalt(Ⅱ) chloride, naphtha + sodium hydroxide, nitrogen triiodide, oxygen difluoride, whte phosphorus (in liquid Cl2), phosphorus compounds, polypropylene + zinc oxide, propane (at 300°), shcones when heated in a sealed container [e.g., polydimethyl siloxane (above 88'), polymethyl trifluoropropylsiloxane (above 68')], stibine, synthetic rubber (in liquid Cl2), tetraselenium tetranitride, trimethyl thionophosphate. Explosive products are formed on reaction with alkylthiouronium salts, amidosulfuric acid, acidc ammonium chloride solutions, aziridine, bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)disulfide, cyanuric acid, phenyl magnesium bromide. Mixtures with ethylene are explosives initiated by light, heat, or by the presence of mercury, mercury oxide, silver oxide, lead oxide (at 100°). Mxtures with hydrogen are explosives initiated by sparks, light, heating to over 280°, or the presence of yellow mercuric oxide or nitrogen trichloride. Murtures with hydrogen and other gases (e.g., air, hydrogen chloride, oxygen) are also explosive. Iption or explosive reaction with metals (e.g., aluminum, antimony powder, bismuth powder, brass, calcium powder, copper, germanium, iron, manganese, potassium, tin, vanadium powder). Reaction with some metals requires moist Cl2 or heat. Ignites with diethyl zinc (on contact), polyisobutylene (at 130'), metal acetylides, metal carbides, metal hydrides (e.g., potassium hydride, sodium hydride, copper hydride), metal phosphtdes (e.g., copper(Ⅱ) phosphide), methane + oxygen, hydrazine, hydroxylamine, calcium nitride, nonmetals (e.g., boron, active carbon, silicon, phosphorus), nonmetal hydrides (e.g., arsine, phosphine, silane), steel (above 200' or as low as 50℃ when impurities are present), sulfides (e.g., arsenic disulfide, boron trisulfide, mercuric sulfide), trialkyl boranes. Violent reaction with alcohols, N-aryl sulfinamides, dimethyl formamide, polychlorobiphenyl, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid + dinitroanilines. Incandescent reaction when warmed with cesium oxide (above 1 50°), tellurium, arsenic, tungsten dioxide. Potentially dangerous reaction with hydrocarbons + Lewis acids releases toxic and reactive HCl gas. Can react to cause fires or explosions upon contact with turpentine, illuminating gas, polypropylene, rubber, sulfamic acid, As2(CH3)4, UC2, acetaldehyde, alcohols, alkylisothiourea salts, alkyl phosphtnes, Al, Sb, As, AsS2, AsH3, Ba3P2, C6H6, Bi, B, BPI2, B2S3, brass, BrF5, Ca, (CaC2 + KOH), Ca(ClO2)2, Ca3N2, Ca3P, C, CS2, Cs, CsHC2, CO20, Cs3N, (C + Cr(OCl)2), CuH2, CuC2, dialklyl phosphines, diborane, dibutyl phthalate, Zn(C2H5)2, C2H6, C2H4, ethylene imine, C2H5PH2, F2, Ge, glycerol, (NH2)2, (H20 + KOH), I2, hydroxylamine, Fe, FeC2, Li, Li2C2, Li6c2, Mg, Mg2P3, Mn, Mn3P2, HgO, HgS, Hg, Hg3P2, CH4,Nb,NI3, OF2, H2SiO, (OF2 + Cu), PH3, P, P(SNC)3, P203, PCB's, K, KHC2, KH, Ru, RuHC2, Si, SiH2, Ag2O, Na, NaHC2, Na2C2, SnF2, SbH3, Sr3P, Te, Th, Sn, WO2, U, V, Zn, ZrC2.

LC50 (1 hr) in rats, mice (ppm): 293, 137 (K. C. Back et al., Reclassification of Materials Listed as Transportation Health Hazards (TSA-20-72-3; PB 214-270, 1972) pp A-182-183)