Diacetyl

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Achtung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H225：Flüssigkeit und Dampf leicht entzündbar.

  H302：Gesundheitsschädlich bei Verschlucken.

  H315：Verursacht Hautreizungen.

  H317：Kann allergische Hautreaktionen verursachen.

  H318：Verursacht schwere Augenschäden.

  H331：Giftig bei Einatmen.

  H373：Kann die Organe schädigen bei längerer oder wiederholter Exposition.

• Sicherheit

  P210：Von Hitze, heißen Oberflächen, Funken, offenen Flammen und anderen Zündquellenarten fernhalten. Nicht rauchen.

  P280：Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.

  P301+P312：BEI VERSCHLUCKEN: Bei Unwohlsein GIFTINFORMATIONSZENTRUM/Arzt/... (geeignete Stelle für medizinische Notfallversorgung vom Hersteller/Lieferanten anzugeben) anrufen.

  P305+P351+P338：BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.

  P314：Bei Unwohlsein ärztlichen Rat einholen / ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.

2,3-Butanedione Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

  GRüNE BIS GELBE FLüSSIGKEIT

• PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN

  Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft und können sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung möglich.

• CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

  Erhitzen kann zu sehr heftiger Verbrennung oder Explosion führen.

• ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

  TLV nicht festgelegt.
  MAK nicht festgelegt.
  

• AUFNAHMEWEGE

  Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation und durch Verschlucken.

• INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

  Nur ungenügende Angaben vorhanden über die Geschwindigkeit, mit der eine gesundheitsschädliche Konzentration in der Luft beim Verdampfen bei 20°C erreicht wird.

• WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

  WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
  Die Substanz reizt stark die Augen. Die Substanz reizt die Haut und die Atemwege. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem. Exposition in hohen Konzentrationen kann Bewusstseinstrübung verursachen.

• WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

  Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf die Lunge mit nachfolgenden Funktionsstörungen. Siehe ANMERKUNGEN.

• LECKAGE

  Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät mit Filter für organische Gase und Partikel entsprechend der Arbeitsplatzkonzentration des Stoffes. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abgedeckten Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. Zündquellen entfernen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen.

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R11:Leichtentzündlich.
  R20/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen und Verschlucken.
  R38:Reizt die Haut.
  R41:Gefahr ernster Augenschäden.
  R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
  R20/21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
  R37/38:Reizt die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S9:Behälter an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
  S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
  S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
  S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
  S39:Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.

• Aussehen Eigenschaften

  C4H6O2; 2,3-Butandion, Dimetylglyoxal. Gelbe Flüssigkeit mit süßlichem Geruch.

• Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt

  Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen. Reizt die Augen und die Haut. Führt zu Husten und Atemnot.
  Thermische Zersetzung über 110 鳦. Nicht mit Laugen oder Säuren in Berührung bringen.
  Leichtentzündlich.
  LD₅₀ (oral, Ratte): 1580 mg/kg.

• Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln

  Unter Lichtschutz lagern.
  Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Spritzschutz.

• Verhalten im Gefahrfall

  Dämpfe nicht einatmen.
  Mit flüssigkeitsbindendem Material, z.B. Rench Rapid aufnehmen. Der Entsorgung zuführen. Nachreinigen.
  Kohlendioxid, Wasser, Schaum, Pulver.
  Brennbar. Von Zündquellen fernhalten. Brandfördend. Brennbare Stoffe fernhalten. Im Brandfall kann Kohlenmonoxid entstehen.

• Erste Hilfe

  Nach Hautkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser abwaschen.
  Nach Augenkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser bei geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 10 Minuten ausspülen. Augenarzt hinzuziehen.
  Nach Einatmen: Frischluft.
  Nach Verschlucken: Viel Wasser trinken lassen. Erbrechen auslösen. Arzt hinzuziehen.
  Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung sofort entfernen.
  Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag

• Sachgerechte Entsorgung

  Als halogenfreie, organische Lösemittelabfälle.

• Beschreibung

  2,3-Butanedione, also known as Diacetyl, is a reactive diketone in artificial butter flavors. It is a water-soluble and volatile, alpha-diketone compound that has a buttery odor. Diacetyl occurs naturally in plants, fruits, coffee, honey, cocoa, and dairy products. It is a natural by-product of fermentation and is found in beer and wine. Diacetyl is also present in cigarette smoke.
  Diacetyl can be synthesized by converting 2-butanone to an isonitroso compound and then hydrolyzing it with hydrochloric acid. Other methods for producing diacetyl include oxidation of 2-butanone over a copper catalyst at 300°C and dehydrogenation of 2,3-butanediol over a copper or silver catalyst. In addition, diacetyl can be synthesized through the acid catalyzed condensation of 1-hydroxyacetone and formaldehyde. Naturally occurring diacetyl is also available from starter distillate, a by-product of dairy product fermentation. Although diacetyl and starter distillates are liquids, they can be converted to a powdered form by encapsulating them within a solid material to prevent volatility. Diacetyl in powdered form is also found in flavorings that have been spray dried. The boiling point of diacetyl is 88°C with a calculated vapor pressure of 55 mmHg at 20°C.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  2,3-Butanedione has a very strong buttery odor in very dilute solution. It is a constituent of many fruit and food aromas and well-known as a constituent of butter. Many methods are known for itsmanufacture, for example, dehydrogenation of 2,3-butanediol with a copper chromite catalyst. Biotechnological production on an industrial scale is referred. It is used mainly in aromas for butter and roasted notes. Large quantities are used for flavoring margarine; small amounts are used in perfumes.

• Occurrence

  Reported in the oils of: Finnish pine, angelica and lavender; in the flowers of Polyalthia canangioides Boerl. var. angustifolia and Fagroea racemosa Jack. The following plants are also reported to contain diacetyl: Monodora grandiflora Benth., Magnolia tripetale L., Ximenia aegyptiaca L., Petasites fragrans Presl., various narcissi and tulips. It has been identified in certain types of wine, the natural aromas of raspberry and strawberry, and the oils of lavender, lavandin, Réunion geranium, Java citronella, and Cistus ladaniferus L. It is also reported to be found in ligonberry, guava, raspberry, strawberry, cabbage, peas, tomato, vinegar, various cheeses, yogurt, milk, butter, chicken, beef, mutton, pork, cognac, beer, wines, whiskies, tea and coffee.

• Verwenden

  2,3-Butanedione is a flavoring agent that is a clear yellow to yellowish green liquid with a strong pungent odor. It is chemically synthesized from methyl ethyl ketone. It is miscible in water, glycerin, alcohol, and ether, and in very dilute water solution it has a typical buttery odor and flavor. It is used as Carrier of aroma of butter, vinegar, coffee, and other foods. It is also used Inactivates aminopeptidase-N, precursor to α-diones, Cyclocondensation with amines has been used to form triazine and pteridine ring systems.

• Definition

  ChEBI: 2,3-Butanedione is an alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation. It has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite.

• synthetische

  From methyl ethyl ketone by converting to the isonitroso compound and then decomposing to diacetyl by hydrolysis with HCl; by fermentation of glucose via methyl acetyl carbinol.

• Application

  2,3-Butanedione is very common in Nature, although usually in trace amounts only: in essential oils, flower absolutes, dairy products, meat and fruits, etc.
  It finds some use in perfumery - mainly in the re-construction of essential oils (artificial essential oils and flower absolutes). Lavender, Lavandin, Bay, Orris and many other oils contain traces of this ketone.
  Finds extensive use in flavor compositions, primarily in imitation Butter, Milk, Cream. Cheese, etc. Also in Berry flavors, Butterscotch, Caramel, Chocolate, CotTee, Cherry, Fruit, Honey, Liquor, Tobacco, Rum, Wine, Nut, Almond, Spice, Ginger Ale, Cream Soda, Vinegar, Vanilla, Buttermilk, etc.
  Normal concentration in consumer product will be about 3 to 30 ppm, while it may be as high as 40 to 50 ppm in baked goods. imitation Butter may contain about 6 to 9 prm.

• Aroma threshold values

  Detection: 0.3 to 15 ppb: recognition: 5 ppb

• Taste threshold values

  Taste characteristics at 50 ppm: sweet, buttery, creamy and milky.

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  2,3-Butanedione appears as a clear colorless liquid with a strong?chlorine-like odor. Flash point 80 °F. Less dense than?water. Vapors heavier than air.

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Highly flammable. Soluble in water.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  2,3-Butanedione is a flammable liquid, b.p. 88° C, moderately toxic. When heated to decomposition 2,3-Butanedione emits acrid smoke and fumes [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 544].

• Health Hazard

  Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

• Brandgefahr

  HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

• Toxikologie

  Diacetyl is an intensely yellowish or greenish-yellow mobile liquid. It has a very powerful and diffusive, pungent, buttery odor and typically used in flavor compositions, including butter, milk, cream, and cheese. Diacetyl was found to be mutagenic in Ames test conducted under various different conditions with Salmonella typhimurium strains. For example, diacetyl was mutagenic by TA100 in the absence of S9 metabolic activation at doses up to 40 mM/plate. It was mutagenic in a modified Ames assay in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 with and without S9 activation. The acute oral LD50 of diacetyl in guinea pigs was calculated to be 990 mg/kg. The acute oral LD50 of diacetyl in male rats was calculated to be 3400 mg/kg, and in female rats, the LD50 was calculated to be 3000 mg/kg. When male and female rats were administered via gavage a daily dose of 1, 30, 90, or 540 mg/kg/day of diacetyl in water for 90 days, the high-dose produced anemia, decreased weight gain, increased water consumption, increased leukocyte count, and an increase in the relative weights of liver, kidneys, and adrenal and pituitary glands. The data for teratogenicity and carcinogenicity are not available. Although the FDA has affirmed diacetyl GRAS as a flavoring agent, low molecular weight carbonyls, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and glyoxal have been reported to possess a certain chronic toxicity.

• Sicherheitsprofil

  A poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. A skin irritant. Human inhalation hazard in popcorn manufacture. Human mutation data reported. Flammable liquid. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes. See also KETONES.

• mögliche Exposition

  Tumorigen,Drug, Mutagen, Primary Irritant. Butanedione is used as anaroma carrier food additive in butter, vinegar, coffee, andother foods.

• Erste Hilfe

  If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seekmedical attention immediately. If this chemical contactsthe skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove fromexposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions,including resuscitation mask) if breathing hasstopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transferpromptly to a medical facility. When this chemical hasbeen swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.

• Carcinogenicity

  Diacetyl was tested for its ability to induce primary lung tumors in strain A/He mice. The mice received three IP injections of diacetyl per week for 8 weeks and were killed 24 weeks after the first injection. The total dose of diacetyl given was 1.7 or 8.4 g/kg. The number of lung tumors in diacetyl exposed mice was not significantly different from the control mice.
  Inhalation carcinogenicity bioassays withWistar Han rats and B6C3F1 mice at exposure levels of 0, 12.5, 25, and 50 ppm are underway according to the National Toxicology Program.

• Environmental Fate

  Mechanisms of diacetyl-induced toxicity are not known, but some possible mechanisms of toxicity have been postulated. The adjacent carbonyl groups on diacetyl make it a reactive compound. In vitro studies have demonstrated that diacetyl can bind to arginine and inactivate proteins. The electron affinity of diacetyl suggests that it can undergo electron transfer activity, which can lead to oxidative stress by oxygen redox cycling. Redox cycling and oxidative stress may also be initiated during metabolism of diacetyl by DCXR (dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase). Reactive oxygen species are known to be produced from metabolic activation of dicarbonyl substrates by related carbonyl reductase enzymes in the presence of O2.

• Lager

  Color Code—Red: Flammability Hazard: Storein a flammable liquid storage area or approved cabinetaway from ignition sources and corrosive and reactivematerials. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool,well-ventilated area. Sources of ignition, such as smokingand open flames, are prohibited where Butanedione isused, handled, or stored in a manner that could createa potential fire or explosion hazard. Metal containersinvolving the transfer of=gallons or more of butanedioneshould be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equippedwith self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs andflame arresters. Use only nonsparking tools and equipment,especially when opening and closing containers ofButanedione. Wherever butanedione is used, handled,manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electricalequipment and fittings.

• Versand/Shipping

  Butanedione must be labeled “FLAMMABLELIQUID.” It falls in Hazard Class 3 and Packing Group II.

• läuterung methode

  Dry biacetyl over anhydrous CaSO4, CaCl2 or MgSO4, then distil it in a vacuum under nitrogen, taking the middle fraction and storing it at Dry-Ice temperature in the dark (to prevent polymerization). [Beilstein 1 IV 3644.]

• Toxicity evaluation

  Diacetyl released to the environment is expected to be highly mobile in soil and is not expected to adsorb to suspended sediments and solids in water. Diacetyl is degraded by a bacterium tentatively identified as Pseudomonas. Bioconcentration of diacetyl by aquatic organisms is not likely. Diacetyl is expected to volatilize from soil and water surfaces, and diacetyl is likely to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. In the atmosphere, diacetyl is degraded by photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals and it undergoes photolysis.

• Inkompatibilitäten

  Contact with oxidizers may cause fireand explosions. High heat may cause violent combustion orexplosion.

2,3-Butanedione Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Diacetyl Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

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