Furosemid

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Achtung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H302：Gesundheitsschädlich bei Verschlucken.

• Sicherheit

  P202：Vor Gebrauch alle Sicherheitshinweise lesen und verstehen.

  P264：Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.

  P264：Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.

  P270：Bei Gebrauch nicht essen, trinken oder rauchen.

  P280：Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.

  P301+P312：BEI VERSCHLUCKEN: Bei Unwohlsein GIFTINFORMATIONSZENTRUM/Arzt/... (geeignete Stelle für medizinische Notfallversorgung vom Hersteller/Lieferanten anzugeben) anrufen.

  P308+P313：BEI Exposition oder falls betroffen: Ärztlichen Rat einholen/ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.

Furosemide Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R61:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib schädigen.
  R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
  R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
  R11:Leichtentzündlich.
  R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S7:Behälter dicht geschlossen halten.
  S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
  S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
  S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
  S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
  S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
  S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
  S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.

• Beschreibung

  Furosemide (Item No. 26298) is an analytical reference standard categorized as a diuretic. Formulations containing diuretics, including furosemide, have been misused in sports for weight reduction and as masking agents in humans and to prevent exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racehorses. This product is intended for use in analytical forensic applications. This product is also available as a general research tool .

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  white to light yellow crystal powde

• Originator

  Lasix,Hoechst,W. Germany,1964

• Verwenden

  An inhibitor of NKCC and a GABAA receptor antagonist.

• Verwenden

  This compound belongs to the aminobenzenesulfonamides. These are organic compounds containing a benzenesulfonamide moiety with an amine group attached to the benzene ring.

• Verwenden

  diuretic, antihypertensive

• Verwenden

  Furosemide inhibits ion co-transport in the kidney. Furosemide is used as a diuretic.

• Definition

  A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration and anti-hypertensive agent.

• Manufacturing Process

  10.8 grams of 3-sulfamyl-4,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (0.04 mol) and 11.7 grams of furfurylamine (0.12 mol) are heated in 30 cc of diethyleneglycoldimethylether for 6 hours under reflux. When pouring the reaction mixture into 300 cc of 1 N hydrochloric acid, the reaction product is immediately separated off in the form of crystals. The light-yellow crude product is purified by dissolving it in 100 cc of warm 1 N sodium bicarbonate solution, precipitation by means of hydrochloric acid and subsequent recrystallization from ethanol/water, with addition of charcoal. Colorless prisms are obtained which decompose at 206°C while adopting a brown coloration, and with evolution of gas.

• Trademarks

  Lasix (Sanofi Aventis).

• Therapeutic Function

  Diuretic

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  Odorless white to slightly yellow crystalline powder. A diuretic drug. Almost tasteless.

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Light sensitive. Air sensitive. Slightly soluble in water.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  Furosemide may undergo hydrolysis at sufficiently low pH. The pH of aqueous solutions should be maintained in the basic range to prevent hydrolysis. Alcohol has been shown to improve the stability of Furosemide. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents .

• Hazard

  Poison; moderately toxic; teratogen; questionable carcinogen; mutagen.

• Brandgefahr

  Flash point data for Furosemide are not available; however, Furosemide is probably combustible.

• Biologische Aktivität

  Loop diuretic that inhibits the Na + /2Cl - /K + (NKCC) cotransporter. Also acts as a non-competitive antagonist at GABA A receptors with ~ 100-fold greater selectivity for α 6-containing receptors than α 1-containing receptors.

• Biochem/physiol Actions

  Inhibits ion co-transport in the kidney.

• Mechanism of action

  Furosemide is a highly effective and quick-acting diuretic whose action, like all of the examined loop diuretics, is associated with blocking reabsorption of ions in the ascending bend of Henle’s loop. It is used for edema syndrome of various origins, edema of the lungs and brain, chronic renal insufficiency, some forms of hypertonic crises, and poisoning by barbiturates and other compounds excreted mainly with urine.

• Clinical Use

  Furosemide has a saluretic effect 8- to 10-fold that of the thiazide diuretics; however, it has a shorter duration of action (~6–8 hours). Furosemide causes a marked excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate ions, with as much as 25% of the filtered load of sodium excreted in response to initial treatment. It is effective for the treatment of edemas connected with cardiac, hepatic, and renal sites. Because it lowers the blood pressure similar to the thiazide derivatives, one of its uses is in the treatment of hypertension.

• Nebenwirkungen

  Clinical toxicity of furosemide and other loop diuretics primarily involves abnormalities of fluid and electrolyte balance. As with the thiazide diuretics, hypokalemia is an important adverse effect that can be prevented or treated with potassium supplements or coadministration of potassium-sparing diuretics. Increased calcium ion excretion can be a problem for postmenopausal osteopenic women, and furosemide generally should not be used in these individuals. Hyperuricemia, glucose intolerance, increased serum lipid levels, ototoxicity, and gastrointestinal side effects might be observed as well. Hypersensitivity reactions also are possible with furosemide (a sulfonamide-based drug), and cross-reactivity with other sulfonamide containing drugs is possible.

• Sicherheitsprofil

  Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by intravenous route: change in the sensitivity of the ear to sound, tinnitus, unspecified effects on the heart, constriction of the arteries, a decrease in urine volume, interstitial nephritis, metabolic alkalosis, pulse rate decrease, fall in blood pressure. Ingestion can damage the liver. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic effects. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Cl-, NOx, and SOx.

• Synthese

  Furosemide, 4-chloro-N-furfuryl-5-sulfamoylanthranylic acid (21.4.11), is synthesized in a relatively simple manner from 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid, which is converted into 5-aminosulfonyl-4,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (21.4.10) during subsequent reaction with chlorosulfonic acid and ammonia. Reacting this with furfurylamine gives furosemide (21.4.11) .

  

• Veterinary Drugs and Treatments

  Furosemide is used for its diuretic activity in all species. It is used in small animals for the treatment of congestive cardiomyopathy, pulmonary edema, hypercalcuric nephropathy, uremia, as adjunctive therapy in hyperkalemia and, occasionally, as an antihypertensive agent. In cattle, it is approved for use for the treatment of post-parturient udder edema. It has been used to help prevent or reduce epistaxis (exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage; EIPH) in racehorses.

• Arzneimittelwechselwirkung

  Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
  Analgesics: increased risk of nephrotoxicity with NSAIDs; antagonism of diuretic effect with NSAIDs.
  Anti-arrhythmics: risk of cardiac toxicity with anti-arrhythmics if hypokalaemia occurs; effects of lidocaine and mexiletine antagonised.
  Antibacterials: increased risk of ototoxicity with aminoglycosides, polymyxins and vancomycin; avoid with lymecycline.
  Antidepressants: increased risk of hypokalaemia with reboxetine; enhanced hypotensive effect with MAOIs; increased risk of postural hypotension with tricyclics.
  Antiepileptics: increased risk of hyponatraemia with carbamazepine; effects antagonised by phenytoin.
  Antifungals: increased risk of hypokalaemia with amphotericin.
  Antihypertensives: enhanced hypotensive effect; increased risk of first dose hypotensive effect with alpha-blockers; increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with sotalol if hypokalaemia occurs.
  Antipsychotics: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with amisulpride or pimozide (avoid with pimozide) if hypokalaemia occurs; enhanced hypotensive effect with phenothiazines.
  Atomoxetine: hypokalaemia increases risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
  Cardiac glycosides: increased toxicity if hypokalaemia occurs.
  Ciclosporin: variable reports of increased nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and hepatotoxicity.
  Cytotoxics: concentration of furosemide increased by dasabuvir, ombitasvir and paritaprevir - reduce furosemide dose; increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias due to hypokalaemia with arsenic trioxide; increased risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity with platinum compounds. Lithium: risk of toxicity.

• Stoffwechsel

  Little biotransformation of furosemide takes place. It is mainly eliminated via the kidneys (80-90%); a small fraction of the dose undergoes biliary elimination and 10-15% of the activity can be recovered from the faeces.

• Lager

  Store at RT

• Einzelnachweise

  [1]. hochman dw. the extracellular space and epileptic activity in the adult brain: explaining the antiepileptic effects of furosemide and bumetanide. epilepsia, 2012, 53 suppl 1: 18-25.
  [2]. chen h, sun d. the role of na-k-cl co-transporter in cerebral ischemia. neurol res, 2005, 27(3): 280-286.
  [3]. prandota j. furosemide: progress in understanding its diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and bronchodilating mechanism of action, and use in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases. am j ther, 2002, 9(4): 317-328.

Furosemide Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Furosemid Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

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