Sevoflurane

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Warnung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H315：Verursacht Hautreizungen.

  H319：Verursacht schwere Augenreizung.

• Sicherheit

  P264：Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.

  P264：Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.

  P280：Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.

  P302+P352：BEI BERÜHRUNG MIT DER HAUT: Mit viel Wasser/... (Hersteller kann, falls zweckmäßig, ein Reinigungsmittel angeben oder, wenn Wasser eindeutig ungeeignet ist, ein alternatives Mittel empfehlen) waschen.

  P305+P351+P338：BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.

  P332+P313：Bei Hautreizung: Ärztlichen Rat einholen/ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.

  P337+P313：Bei anhaltender Augenreizung: Ärztlichen Rat einholen/ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.

Sevoflurane Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

  FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT.

• PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN

  Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft und können sich in tiefer gelegenen Bereichen sammeln und den Luftsauerstoff verdrängen.

• CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

  Bei Kontakt mit heißen Gegenständen oder Flammen Zersetzung unter Bildung ätzender Rauche wie Chlorwasserstoff und Fluorwasserstoff.

• ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

  TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
  MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
  

• AUFNAHMEWEGE

  Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe und durch Verschlucken.

• INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

  Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann sehr schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.

• WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

  WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
  Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Haut. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf Zentralnervensystem und Herz-Kreislaufsystem. Exposition gegenüber hohen Konzentrationen kann zu Bewusstlosigkeit führen.

• LECKAGE

  Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Belüftung. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Umgebungsluftunabhängiges Atemschutzgerät.

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
  S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.

• Beschreibung

  Sevoflurane is a rapidly acting, potent inhalation anesthetic with rapid uptake and and elimination. While somewhat less potent than halothane, sevoflurane does not induce arrhythmias and reportedly has no effect on renal function.

• Beschreibung

  Sevoflurane is a halogenated ether with anesthetic properties. It enhances the activity of GABA_A and glycine receptors and inhibits the activity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and glutamate receptors. Sevoflurane enhances the responses of α₂β₁ subunit-containing GABA_A and α₁ subunit-containing glycine receptors at submaximal agonist concentrations in HEK293 cells (EC₅₀s = 0.45 and 0.36 mM, respectively). Sevoflurane (360 μM) also increases the amplitude of GABA_A receptor responses to GABA stimulation for receptors with an α₁β₂γ₂ subunit composition. It inhibits binding of the high affinity nicotinic agonist epibatidine to nAChRs in mouse brain membranes (IC₅₀ = 0.77 mM). Formulations containing sevoflurane have been used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Clear, colourless, volatile liquid.

• Originator

  Baxter (USA)

• Verwenden

  1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)propane is an volatile anesthetic which inhibited activation of inflammatory neutrophil and granulocyte in human blood during simulated extracorporeal circulati on.

• Verwenden

  Fluoromethyl 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl ether is a volatile anesthetic, which inhibits the activation of inflammatory neutrophil and granulocyte in human blood during simulated extracorporeal circulation. It also serves as an antibacterial and used as an inhalational anaesthetic for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Further, it finds application in anesthesia of children and infants to make them asleep for surgery. In addition to this, it is used in veterinary medicine.

• Definition

  ChEBI: An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.

• Manufacturing Process

  164 g (2.31 mole) of chlorine is slowly bubbled into a flask containing 370 g (2.03 mole) of methyl 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl ether illuminated with a 250 watt incandescent lamp, starting at room temperature. The product is washed with a potassium carbonate solution until neutral, dried over MgSO4 and vacuum distilled to yield 304 g (1.5 mole) of chloromethyl 1,1,1,3,3,3- hexafluoroisopropyl ether (chloromethyl 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl ether), boiling point 78°C.
  A solution of chloromethyl 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl ether (754 g, 3.49 moles) in dry tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide (203 g, 3,49 moles) were stirred and heated to 130°C in a creased flask fitted with a fractional distillation assembly. A distillate (200 ml), b748 56.0° to 62°C, was collected during 5 h. Then the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, dry potassium fluoride (100 g, 1.74 moles) was added, and the cycle of operations was repeated 3 times at temperatures between 138° to 185°C to give distillates (100 ml, 100 ml and 50 ml), b746 58° to 61°C, 55.5° to 57°C, and 54.2° to 55.9°C, respectively. From this portionwise addition of potassium fluoride (503 g, 8.7 moles) there was obtained distillates totalling 672 g, b746 54.2° to 62.0°C, which by GLC analysis was about 92% fluoromethyl and 6.8% chloromethyl 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl ether.
  Fractional distillation of 659 g gave a forerun (46 g), b745 53.5° to 57.0°C, and then 99.6% pure fluoromethyl 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl ether (505 g), b745 57.0° to 57.7°C.

• Trademarks

  Ultane (Abbott);Sevofrane.

• Therapeutic Function

  Anesthetic

• Biologische Funktion

  Sevoflurane (Ultane) is the most recently introduced inhalation anesthetic. It has low tissue and blood solubility, which allows for rapid induction and emergence and makes it useful for outpatient and ambulatory procedures. It has the advantage of not being pungent, a characteristic that permits a smooth inhalation induction, and is particularly useful in pediatric anesthesia.
  Hypotension is produced by sevoflurane as systemic vasodilation occurs and cardiac output decreases. Since it does not directly produce tachycardia, it is a useful alternative to consider in patients with myocardial ischemia. However, a concern for reflex-induced tachycardia remains.
  Sevoflurane undergoes hepatic biotransformation (about 3% of the inhaled dose), and it is somewhat degraded by conventional CO₂ absorbents. The degradation product from the absorbent has been reported to be nephrotoxic, although the report is controversial and not substantiated by more recent studies. Sevoflurane’s actions on skeletal muscle and on vascular regulation within the CNS are similar to those described for the other halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetics.

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  Sevoflurane is a volatile, nonpungent, nonflammable, andnonexplosive liquid with a boiling point of 58.6°C. Theblood:gas partition coefficient is 0.65, the oil:gas partitioncoefficient is 50, and the MAC is 2.1%. Sevoflurane reactswith desiccated carbon dioxide adsorbents, to produce compounds(A and B) with known toxicity . The typeof CO₂ absorbent used, the temperature of the absorbent,and the duration of exposure can influence the degree towhich sevoflurane breaks down. The major breakdownproduct, compound A, pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethylether, (PIFE, C₄H₂F₆O) has been studied extensively.Compound A is nephrotoxic in rats and nonhuman primatesand remains a theoretical risk to humans. As discussedpreviously under the stability of inhaled anesthetics,sevoflurane breakdown by CO₂ absorbents generates heatand has resulted in sporadic operating room fires.

• Clinical Use

  Sevoflurane has been shown to cause epileptic changeson EEGs and case reports of seizures during surgery, especiallyin children, have been reported.

• Veterinary Drugs and Treatments

  Sevoflurane may be useful in a variety of species when rapid induction and/or rapid recoveries are desired with an inhalational anesthetic.

• Einzelnachweise

  [1] JASON A CAMPAGNA  Stuart A F  Keith W Miller. Mechanisms of actions of inhaled anesthetics.[J]. New England Journal of Medicine, 2003, 348 21: 2110-2124. DOI: 10.1056/nejmra021261
  [2] MATTHEW D KRASOWSKI  Neil L H. The actions of ether, alcohol and alkane general anaesthetics on GABAA and glycine receptors and the effects of TM2 and TM3 mutations[J]. British Journal of Pharmacology, 2009, 129 4: 731-743. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703087
  [3] KOICHI NISHIKAWA  Neil L H. The actions of sevoflurane and desflurane on the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type A: effects of TM2 mutations in the alpha and beta subunits.[J]. Anesthesiology, 2003, 99 3: 678-684. DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200309000-00024
  [4] E. RADA P F Elizabeth C Tharakan. Volatile Anesthetics Reduce Agonist Affinity at Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Brain[J]. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2003, 54 1: 108-111. DOI: 10.1213/00000539-200301000-00023

Sevoflurane Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Sevoflurane Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

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