Halothan

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Achtung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H315：Verursacht Hautreizungen.

  H318：Verursacht schwere Augenschäden.

  H335：Kann die Atemwege reizen.

  H360：Kann die Fruchtbarkeit beeinträchtigen oder das Kind im Mutterleib schädigen.

• Sicherheit

  P201：Vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.

  P280：Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.

  P308+P313：BEI Exposition oder falls betroffen: Ärztlichen Rat einholen/ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.

Halothane Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

  LEICHT FLüCHTIGE, FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.

• PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN

  Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft.

• CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

  Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung giftiger und ätzender Rauche mit Bromwasserstoff, Chlorwasserstoff, Fluorwasserstoff. Zersetzung unter Einfluss von Licht.

• ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

  TLV: 50 ppm; Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
  MAK: 5 ppm, 41 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(8); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe B; (DFG 2005).
  

• AUFNAHMEWEGE

  Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe und durch Verschlucken.

• INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

  Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann sehr schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.

• WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

  WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
  Die Substanz reizt die Augen. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf Zentralnervensystem und Herzkreislaufsystem. Exposition gegenüber hohen Konzentrationen kann zu Bewusstlosigkeit führen.

• WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

  Die Flüssigkeit entfettet die Haut. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf die Leber mit nachfolgenden Leberschäden. Tierversuche zeigen, dass die Substanz möglicherweise fruchtbarkeitsschädigend oder entwicklungsschädigend wirken kann.

• LECKAGE

  Belüftung. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Umgebungsluftunabhängiges Atemschutzgerät.

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R61:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib schädigen.
  R37/38:Reizt die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
  R41:Gefahr ernster Augenschäden.
  R40:Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung.
  R20:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
  S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
  S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
  S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
  S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.

• Beschreibung

  Halothane was introduced into medical practice in the United States in 1956 as a nonflammable, nonexplosive, halogenated volatile anesthetic that usually is mixed with air or oxygen. The presence of the carbon–halogen bonds contributes to its nonflammability. This clear liquid with a sweet odor was developed based on predictions that its halogenated structure would provide chemical stability, an intermediate blood solubility, and significant anesthetic potency. Halothane is the only useful volatile anesthetic possessing a bromine atom, which has been suggested to contribute to its potency. Similarly, the addition of fluorine atoms, of which halothane has three, is thought to contribute to the increased potency, volatility, and increased chemical stability of the hydrocarbon skeleton.
  Halothane produces rapid onset and recovery from anesthesia with high potency when used alone or in combination with nitrous oxide. Most metals, with the exception of chromium, nickel, and titanium, are easily tarnished by halothane. Although halothane is relatively stable, it is subject to spontaneous oxidative decomposition to hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, and phosgene. For this reason, it is available in dark, amber glass containers with thymol added as a preservative to minimize decomposition. Halothane may permeate into the rubber components of the anesthetic delivery devices, which might account for some slowing of the induction onset and recovery. Approximately 20% of an administered dose is metabolized, which accounts, in part, for the increased hepatotoxicity observed with this agent.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Clear, colourless, mobile, heavy, non-flammable liquid

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Halothane is a highly volatile, nonflammable, colorless liquid. Sweet odor.

• Originator

  Fluothane,Ayerst,US,1958

• Verwenden

  2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane, or halothane, has been used in a study that combined molecular simulations with free energy simulations to study solvation of halothane in polarizable water and methanol. Halothane has also been used in a study to investigate the interaction of anesthetics with the Rho GTPase regulator Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor.

• Verwenden

  depigmentor, antioxidant

• Verwenden

  Halothane is used as a clinical anesthetic.

• Definition

  ChEBI: A haloalkane comprising ethane having three flouro substituents at the 1-position as well as bromo- and chloro substituents at the 2-position.

• Definition

  A colorless nonflammable liquid halocarbon used as a general anesthetic. The systematic name is 1-chloro-1-bromo-2,2,2-trifluoroethane.

• Indications

  Because of its potent and rapid effect, halothane (MAC0.77) is used in special vaporizers mixed with oxygen and water. The high lipid – blood partition coefficient leads to considerable accumulation in tissue and fat. Halothane reduces the peripheral vascular resistance, increases the possibility of arrythmias, and has a negative effect on liver function. On repeated use it is hepatotoxic.

• Manufacturing Process

  According to US Patent 2,849,502, the apparatus used consisted of a 2" x 24" silica tube packed with silica chips and enclosed in a vertical electric furnace. 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane as vapor and bromine as liquid were introduced into a narrow tube passing down the inside of the reaction tube. The mixed reactants then passed up through the reaction tube which was maintained at a temperature of about 465°C. The reaction products were passed through a water-cooled condenser which condensed out most of the desired 1,1,1- trifluoro-2-bromo-2-chloroethane along with any high boiling by-products and unchanged bromine.
  This condensate was washed with dilute caustic soda solution and dried over calcium chloride. The exit gases from this condenser were scrubbed with water and dilute caustic soda solution, dried and passed to a condenser cooled with a mixture of solid carbon dioxide and trichloroethylene which caused the unchanged 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane to condense. This second condensate was then combined with the first and the mixture was fractionally distilled.
  During a run of 2 hours 620 grams of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane and 630 grams of bromine were fed to the reactor and the product was worked up as described above. On fractional distillation there was obtained a first cut up to 50°C consisting of unchanged 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane, then a middle cut between 50° and 52°C consisting of substantially pure 1,1,1-trifluoro-2- bromo-chloroethaneand a higher boiling residue that contained a further quantity of the desired product together with some 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2- dibromo-2-chloroethane. On redistillation of the middle fraction pure 1,1,1- trifluoro-2-bromo-2-chloroethane was obtained with BP 50° to 50.5°C.

• Trademarks

  Fluothane (Wyeth).

• Therapeutic Function

  Inhalation anesthetic

• Biologische Funktion

  Halothane (Fluothane) depresses respiratory function, leading to decreased tidal volume and an increased rate of ventilation. Since the increased rate does not adequately compensate for the decrease in tidal volume, minute ventilation will be reduced; plasma PaCO₂ rises, and hypoxic drive is depressed.With surgical anesthesia, spontaneous ventilation is inadequate, and the patient’s ventilation must be controlled.
  Halothane administration can result in a marked reduction in arterial blood pressure that is due primarily to direct myocardial depression, which reduces cardiac output. The fall in pressure is not opposed by reflex sympathetic activation, however, since halothane also blunts baroreceptor and carotid reflexes. Systemic vascular resistance is unchanged, although blood flow to various tissues is redistributed. Halothane also sensitizes the heart to the arrhythmogenic effect of catecholamines. Thus, maintenance of the patient’s blood pressure with epinephrine must be done cautiously.

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  Halothane is a nonflammable, nonpungent, volatile, liquid,halogenated (F, Cl, and Br) ethane (bp＝50°C), introducedin 1956. Halothane may increase heart rate, cause cardiacarrhythmias, increase cerebral blood flow, and increase intracranialpressure.It can undergo spontaneous oxidationwhen exposed to ultraviolet light to yield HCl, HBr, Cl ,Br^- , and phosgene (COCl₂). To prevent oxidation it ispackaged in amber bottles with a low concentration of thymol(0.01%) as a stabilizer. The drug has a high potency(MAC＝0.75%), a blood:gas partition coefficient of 2.4,and high adipose solubility. Halothane undergoes both reductiveand oxidative processes with up to 20% of the doseundergoing metabolism .The trifluoroacetylchloride metabolite is electrophilic and can form covalentbonds with proteins leading to immune responses andhalothane hepatitis upon subsequent halothane exposure.Halothane hepatitis is rare with 1 case reported for every6,000 to 35,000 patients exposed.

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  Clear colorless highly volatile liquid with a sweet chloroform-like odor . Density 1.875 g / cm3. Boiling point 122.4°F (50.2°C). Noncombustible.

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Slightly water soluble.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  2-BROMO-2-CHLORO-1,1,1-TRIFLUOROETHANE is sensitive to exposure to light. Incompatible with oxidizing materials. Tarnishes or corrodes most metals, with the exception of chromium, nickel and titanium. When moisture is present, 2-BROMO-2-CHLORO-1,1,1-TRIFLUOROETHANE attacks aluminum, brass and lead, but not copper. Contact causes rubber and some plastics to deteriorate rapidly.

• Health Hazard

  Health hazard may arise from exposure tohigh concentrations of vapors. The target sites are the central nervous system, car diovascular system, and liver. The toxiceffects include depression of the central ner vous system, nausea, vomiting, increasedbody temperature, excitability, arrhythmias,vasodilatation, hepatitis, and liver necrosis.An anesthetic effect in humans is noted atan exposure level of 10,000 ppm. Repeatedexposure to halothane at anesthetic concen trations may result in hepatic lesions andnecrosis. Contact of liquid with the eyes mayresult in severe irritation. The lethal con centration in humans for a 3-hour exposureperiod is in the range of 7000 ppm.
  LC50 value, inhalation (mice): 22,000 ppm/10 min
  LD50 value, oral (guinea pigs): 6000 mg/kg
  No mutagenic effect was observed. Carcino genicity in animals has not been reported.

• Brandgefahr

  Literature sources indicate that 2-BROMO-2-CHLORO-1,1,1-TRIFLUOROETHANE is nonflammable.

• Biochem/physiol Actions

  Inhalation anesthetic. In an effect believed to be independent of anesthesia, halothane inhibits synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine in brain tissue, probably at the tryptophan hydroxylase step.

• Clinical Use

  The use of inhaled anesthetics and halothane in particularcan produce malignant hyperthermia (MH) in geneticallysusceptible individuals. This results in an increase inbody temperature, tachycardia, tachypnea, acidosis, andrhabdomylolysis. MH is a result of the excessive release ofcalcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Patientswith an inherited mutation in the ryanodine receptor(RYR1), which is located in the SR, are at an increased riskof developing MH when exposed to an inhaled anesthetictriggering agent. Treatment entails discontinuing the anestheticagent, rapid cooling, intravenous dantrolene sodium,and supportive measures. MH has been reported to occurwith all anesthetics agents and with succinylcholine, a depolarizingneuromuscular blocker. The combination ofhalothane and succinylcholine appears to trigger a great extentof the MH episodes. Patients with a family history ofMH can be genetically screened for MH susceptibility viathe caffeine–halothane contracture test. This test is invasiverequiring a piece of skeletal muscle to conduct and it isexpensive costing approximately $5,000 (cost in 2008).Noninvasive molecular genetic screening is currently beingdeveloped.

• Synthese

  Halothane is manufactured by chlorination of CF3CH2Br or bromination of CF3CH2Cl in the gas phase at 250 – 475 ?C or by the rearrangement .
  

• mögliche Exposition

  Halothane is used as an inhalation anesthetic. It has been estimated that halothane accounts for two-thirds of all anesthetics.

• Veterinary Drugs and Treatments

  Halothane remains a useful general anesthetic in veterinary medicine due to its relative safety, potency, controllability, non-flammability, and comparatively low cost. However, its use has been largely supplanted by newer agents such as isoflurane and sevoflurane that have less cardiodepressant effects.

• Erste Hilfe

  If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek med-ical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothingand wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately.If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, includ-ing resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medi-cal attention. Give large quantities of water and induce :vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.

• Lager

  Color Code- Green: General storage may be used.Prior to working with this chemical you should be trainedon its proper handling and storage. Store in tightly closedcontainers in a dark, cool, well-ventilated area, away fromdirect sunlight, oxidizers.

• Versand/Shipping

  UN3082 Environmentally hazardous substances, liquid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous haz ardous material, Technical Name Required.

• Inkompatibilitäten

  May attack rubber and some plastics; sensitive to light. Light causes decomposition. May be stabilized with 0.01% thymol. Halothane is incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanga nates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); con tact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Tarnishes or corrodes most metals, with the exception of copper, chromium, nickel, and titanium. Attacks aluminum, brass and lead in the presence of moisture. Attacks rubber and causes some plastics to deteriorate rapidly.

• Waste disposal

  The compound is mixed with a combustiblesolvent and burned in a chemical incineratorequipped with an afterburner and scrubber.

Halothane Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Halothan Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

Global(112)Suppliers

151-67-7, Halothane Verwandte Suche: