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• Physical Properties

  The anhydrous chloride is a pink solid; cubic crystals; deliquescent; density 2.977 g/cm3 at 25°C; melts at 650°C; vaporizes at 1,190°C; very soluble in water (~72g/100 mL at 25°C); soluble in alcohol; insoluble in ether.
  The tetrahydrate has a rose color; monoclinic crystal structure; deliquescent; density 2.01 g/cm3; melts at 58°C; loses one molecule of water at 106°C and all water at 198°C; highly soluble in water (151 g/100mL at 8°C) and extremely soluble in boiling water (656 g/100mL at 100°C); soluble in ethanol; insoluble in ether. ;

• Uses

  Manganese(II) chloride is used in dyeing and printing textiles and as a disinfectant. It also is used in dry cell batteries; for the preparation of drying agents for paints and varnishes; as a catalyst in chlorination reactions; in the production of several manganese salts, including methylcyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl used as a colorant for brick. In metallurgy, the compound is used as an alloying agent and is added to molten magnesium to produce magnesium-manganese alloys. ;

• Preparation

  Manganese(II) chloride is prepared by heating manganese(II) oxide, manganese dioxide, manganese(II) carbonate or manganese(II) hydroxide with hydrochloric acid:
  MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
  MnCO3 + HCl → MnCl2 + H2O + CO2
  When the product mixture is evaporated below 58°C, the tetrahydrate salt, MnCl2•4H2O is obtained.
  Manganese(II) chloride is a by-product in the manufacture of chlorine from manganese dioxide and hydrochloric acid (the Weldon process).
  Anhydrous chloride can be prepared by heating manganese(II) oxide or manganese(II) carbonate with dry hydrogen chloride; or by burning the metal in chlorine at 700°C to 1,000°C.
  The anhydrous salt can also be obtained by slowly heating the tetrahydrate, MnCl2•4H2O in a rotary drier above 200°C or by dehydration in a stream of hydrogen chloride gas. ;

• Reactions

  Manganese(II) chloride forms double salts with alkali metal chlorides when mixed in stoichiometric amounts. Such double salts, which can decompose in water, may have compositions like KMnCl3 or K2MnCl4.
  Manganese(II) chloride forms adducts with ammonia, hydroxylamine and many other nitrogen compounds. Many adducts are stable at ordinary temperatures. Examples are MnCl2•6NH3 and MnCl2•2NH2OH.
  An aqueous solution can readily undergo double decomposition reactions with soluble salts of other metals, producing precipitates of insoluble salts of Mn(II) or other metals. ;

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