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• Physical Properties

  The anhydrous chloride is a white hexagonal crystal; hygroscopic; density 3.84 g/cm3; melts at 850°C; soluble in water. The heptahydrate is a white triclinic crystal; decomposes at 91°C; soluble in water and ethanol. ;

• Uses

  Lanthanum(III) chloride is used to prepare other lanthanum salts. The anhydrous chloride is employed to produce lanthanum metal. ;

• Structure

  Lanthanum(III) chloride (LaCl3) crystal has a UCl3 type structure, space group P63/m, and it has attracted much attention for its high light output and good energy resolution. LaCl3 crystal belongs to a hexagonal system; its density is 3.8g/cm3. Its energy resolution is 3.1%, and its decay time Is 26 ns and a time resolution of 224 ps. There is almost no damage after exposure to gamma rays up to 3 kGy. Such excellent scintillation performance is very rare in inorganic compounds. The energy is 60 keV to 1275 keV. Under the excitation of γ-ray source, the nonlinear response coefficient of light output is 7%, which is far superior to LSO: Ce crystal (35%), NaI: Tl crystal (15%) and CsI: Tl (20%). Based on its excellent numbers, this scintillation material can find its place in such applications as medical imaging, nuclear physics, X-ray diffraction, non-destructive evaluation, treaty verification and safeguards, environmental monitoring, and geological exploration. ;

• Preparation

  Lanthanum(III) chloride is formed by dissolving the oxide, hydroxide or carbonate in hydrochloric acid, followed by crystallization. The anhydrous chloride is obtained by heating oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate in an atmosphere of dry hydrogen chloride.
  La2(CO3)3 + 6HCl → 2LnCl3 + 3CO2 + 3H2O
  Another method involves heating lanthanum oxide with excess ammonium chloride at 300°C. ;

• Reactions

  When heated in the presence of water vapor, lanthanum oxochloride is formed:
  LaCl3 + H2O→LaOCl + 2HCl
  Heating with glass at elevated temperatures also forms oxochloride:
  LaCl3 + SiO2→2LaOCl + SiCl4
  Lanthanum chloride reacts with hydrogen sulfide when heated at 1100°C, forming lanthanum sulfide:
  2LaCl3 + 3H2S→La2S3 + 3H2S
  Reactions with ammonia and phosphine at elevated temperatures yield lanthanum nitride and phosphide, respectively:
  LaCl3 + PH3→LaP + 3HCl
  Lanthanum chloride is reduced to lanthanum metal when heated with an alkali or alkaline earth metal at temperatures above 1000°C:
  LaCl3 + 3Li→La + 3LiCl ;

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