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• Physical Properties

  The anhydrous chloride is a white hexagonal crystal; hygroscopic; density 3.84 g/cm3; melts at 850°C; soluble in water. The heptahydrate is a white triclinic crystal; decomposes at 91°C; soluble in water and ethanol. ;

• Uses

  Lanthanum(III) chloride is used to prepare other lanthanum salts. The anhydrous chloride is employed to produce lanthanum metal. ;

• Preparation

  Lanthanum(III) chloride is formed by dissolving the oxide, hydroxide or carbonate in hydrochloric acid, followed by crystallization. The anhydrous chloride is obtained by heating oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate in an atmosphere of dry hydrogen chloride.
  La2(CO3)3 + 6HCl → 2LnCl3 + 3CO2 + 3H2O
  Another method involves heating lanthanum oxide with excess ammonium chloride at 300°C. ;

• Reactions

  When heated in the presence of water vapor, lanthanum oxochloride is formed:
  LaCl3 + H2O→LaOCl + 2HCl
  Heating with glass at elevated temperatures also forms oxochloride:
  LaCl3 + SiO2→2LaOCl + SiCl4
  Lanthanum chloride reacts with hydrogen sulfide when heated at 1100°C, forming lanthanum sulfide:
  2LaCl3 + 3H2S→La2S3 + 3H2S
  Reactions with ammonia and phosphine at elevated temperatures yield lanthanum nitride and phosphide, respectively:
  LaCl3 + PH3→LaP + 3HCl
  Lanthanum chloride is reduced to lanthanum metal when heated with an alkali or alkaline earth metal at temperatures above 1000°C:
  LaCl3 + 3Li→La + 3LiCl ;

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