Hazard
Confirmed carcinogen.
Potential Exposure
Nickel chloride is used in electroplating
and ink manufacturing.
First aid
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts
the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately.
If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from
exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions,
including resuscitation mask) if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer
promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has
been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities
of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious
person vomit.
Shipping
UN3288 Toxic solids, inorganic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required.
Incompatibilities
Strong acids, potassium, sulfur. Forms
an impact-sensitive mixture with potassium.
Chemical Properties
Brown scales, deliquescent
Chemical Properties
Nickel chloride appears as green or brown
scales, or sparkling golden-yellow powder.
Waste Disposal
Recycle or disposal in a
chemical waste landfill is recommended.
Physical properties
The anhydrous salt forms yellow crystal scales; deliquesces; density 3.55 g/cm3; melts at 1,001°C; sublimes at 973°C; highly soluble in water, 64 g/100mL at 20°C; soluble in alcohol.
The hexahydrate forms green monoclinic crystals; deliquesces; extremely soluble in water, 254 g/100mL at 20°C, and about 600 g/100 ml at 100°C; also very soluble in alcohol.
Uses
Nickel chloride (NiCl2) is used for electroplating nickel onto the surfaces of other metals
and as a chemical reagent in laboratories.
Uses
Nickel chloride is used for nickel plating cast zinc, as an agent
in electrolytic refining of nickel, as a chemical intermediate for
nickel catalysts and complex nickel salts, as an absorber of
ammonia gas in industrial gas masks, as a catalyst in diarylamine
and silicon tetrachloride production, as an agent in
electrodeless plating of nickel, as an agent in tin–nickel alloy
plating, and as a fungicide for control of rust and rustlike
disease. However, workers exposed to different forms of nickel
have an elevated risk of lung cancer. Besides, Ni and its
compounds (particularly insoluble compounds of nickel) have
been reported to be potent carcinogens and toxic agents in
humans and experimental animals. Therefore, Ni compounds
are considered to be an industrial/occupational health hazard.
Uses
Nickel chloride solutions are used for electroplating nickel onto other metal items.It also is used to prepare various nickel salts and nickel catalysts; and in industrial gas masks to protect from ammonia.
Definition
ChEBI: A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.
Nickel chloride is a yellow deliquescent solid with a boiling point of 973°C(1690°F). Nickel chloride is soluble in water and alcohol. Nickel chloride(hydrated),NiCI2·H20, is a gray deliquescent solid that is also soluble in water and alcohol.It is used in nickel plating.
Definition
hexahydrate: A crystalline compoundthat has six moles of waterper mole of compound.
Production Methods
Nickel chloride (hexahydrate) is obtained by reacting metal
nickel powder or nickel oxide with hot, dilute hydrochloric
acid.
General Description
Nickel(II) chloride (NiCl2) is a nickel based halide that is prepared by burning nickel in chlorine. It is a water soluble compound that crystallizes to form a hexahydrate. It is majorly utilized in organic synthesis as a catalyst and a precursor.
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Environmental Fate
Nickel chloride is water soluble (642 g l-1 for anhydrous;
2540 g l-1 for hexahydrate) and would be expected to release
divalent nickel into the water. Since nickel chloride quickly
dissolves upon exposure to moist environments, and partially
due to the ubiquity of nickel in soil, water, and air, tracking the
course of the salt through the environment is difficult. This is
particularly due to nickel’s ability to complex with anionic
species other than chloride to form nickel oxide, sulfate, nitrate,
carbonate, or acetate, among others.
Industrial uses of nickel chloride result in nickel being
distributed mainly at soil surfaces and through surrounding
waterways and water tables. Once distributed to the soil, nickel
chloride produces nickel(II) ions to potentially form inorganic
crystalline minerals or precipitates, can complex or adsorb onto
organic and inorganic surfaces, can participate in cation
exchange, and can exist as free-ion or chelated metal complexes
in soil solution.
Purification Methods
It crystallises from dilute HCl to form the green hexahydrate. At 70o this dehydrates to the tetrahydrate, and at higher temperatures it forms the anhydrous salt. It sublimes in yellow hexagonal scales in a stream of HCl. Store it in a desiccator as it is deliquescent. [Hart & Partington J Chem Soc 104 1943.]
Toxicity evaluation
The parent metal alters sodium balance and lipid metabolism;
it induces metallothionein synthesis. Nickel chloride affects the T-cell portion of the immune system and suppresses the activity
of natural killer cells. If given orally or by inhalation, nickel
chloride has been reported to decrease iodine uptake by the
thyroid gland. The lipid peroxidation properties of nickel can
introduce potential malignancies in humans, as DNA strand
gaps and breaks in DNA–protein cross-links can form. The
downregulation of glycoprotein metabolism by nickel ions
may produce nephrotoxicity in humans as well.
