Нонановая кислота

Описание

Nonanoic acid , also called pelargonic acid, is an organic compound composed of a nine - carbon chain terminating in a carboxylic acid with structural formula CH₃(CH₂)₇COOH. Nonanoic acid forms esters—nonanoates. It is a clear, oily liquid with an unpleasant, rancid odor. It is nearly insoluble in water, but very soluble in chloroform, ether, and hexane.
Its refractive index is 1.4322. Its critical point is at 712 K ( 439 °C ) and 2.35 MPa.

Химические свойства

Nonanoic acid has a fatty, characteristic odor and a corresponding unpleasant taste. May be prepared by oxidation of methylnonyl ketone; by oxidation of oleic acid; or from heptyl iodide via malonic ester synthesis.

Вхождение

Nonanoic acid is a fatty acid which occurs naturally as esters in the oil of pelargonium. Synthetic esters, such as methyl nonanoate, are used as flavorings.
Nonanoic acid is also used in the preparation of plasticizers and lacquers.
The derivative 4-nonanoylmorpholine is an ingredient in some pepper sprays.
The ammonium salt of nonanoic acid, ammonium nonanoate, is used as an herbicide.

Использование

The primary uses of this acid are in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of lacquers, plastics, pharmaceuticals, synthetic odors and flavorings, gasoline additives, flotation agents, lubricants, and vinyl plasticizers. Nonanoic acid has found some use in pharmaceutical preparations and as a topical bactericide and fungicide. It is also used in herbicides.

Определение

ChEBI: A C9 straight-chain saturated fatty acid which occurs naturally as esters of the oil of pelargonium. Has antifungal properties, and is also used as a herbicide as well as in the preparation of plasticisers and lacquers.

Подготовка

Nonanoic acid is produced by malonic ester synthesis, from Heptyl iodide.

Общее описание

Nonanoic acid occurs naturally in Pelargonium L′Her. It one of the flavor constituents of cooked rice, acerola fruit, licorice and yogurt.

Сельскохозяйственное использование

Herbicide, Fungicide: Pelargonic acid occurs naturally in many plants and animals. It is used to control the growth of weeds and as a blossom thinner for apple and pear trees. It is also used as a food additive; as an ingredient in solutions used to commercially peel fruits and vegetables

Торговое название

CIRRASOL®-185A; ECONOSAN®; EMERY® 202 (mixture with n-octoic acid); EMFAC®-1202; HEXACID® C-9; PELARGON®; SCYTHE®; WEST AGRO ACID SANITIZER®

Профиль безопасности

Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A severe skin and eye irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Возможный контакт

Pelargonic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid herbicide/fungicide. It is used to control the growth of weeds and as a blossom thinner for apple and pear trees. It is also used as a food additive; as an ingredient in solutions used to commercially peel fruits and vegetables; in the manufacture of lacquers, plastics and pharmaceuticals.

Методы очистки

Esterify the acid with ethylene glycol and distil the ester. (This removes dibasic acids as undistillable residues.) The acid is regenerated by hydrolysing the ester in the usual way and is distilled in vacuo. [Beilstein 2 IV 1018.]

Несовместимости

Heated vapors may form explosive mixture with air. May react violently with strong oxidizers, bromine, 90% hydrogen peroxide, phosphorus trichloride, silver powders or dust. Incompatible with strong bases and silver compounds; mixture with some silver compounds may form explosive salts of silver oxalate.

Утилизация отходов

Do not discharge into drains or sewers. Dispose of waste material as hazardous waste using a licensed disposal contractor to an approved landfill. Contact a licensed disposal facility about surplus and non-recyclable solutions. Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Extra care must be exercised as the material in an organic solvent is highly flammable. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Incineration with effluent gas scrubbing is recommended. Containers must be disposed of properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.