Нонил альдегид

Химические свойства

Nonanal occurs in citrus and rose oils. It is a colorless or light yellow liquid with a fatty, rose-like odor and is used in floral compositions, particularly those with rose characteristics. It is soluble in alcohol, most fixed oils, mineral oil, and propylene glycol, but insoluble in glycerin. It is obtained by chemical synthesis. It is also termed aldehyde c-9 and pelargonic aldehyde.

Вхождение

Reported as a constituent in the oils of sweet and bitter orange, mandarin, lemon, lime, grapefruit, kumquat, orris, Ceylon cinnamon, ginger, Xanthoxylum rhetsa, rose and clary sage; in the turpentines from Pinus jeffreyi Grev. and Balf., Pinus sabiniana Dangl. and others. Also reported in over 200 food and beverages including apple, apricot, citrus peel oils and juices, many berries, grapes, melon, papaya, peach, pear, currants, pineapple, carrot, celery, cucumber, peas, cooked potato, tomato, ginger, Mentha oils, thyme, breads, cheeses, butter, milk, cream, cooked egg, fish, meats, beer, cognac, rum, whiskies, grape wines, tea, roasted filberts and peanuts, oats, soybean, coconut, olive, plum, plumcot, beans, mushroom, starfruit, macadamia nut, mango, cauliflower, broccoli, tamarind, fig, artichoke, cardamom, coriander leaf, gin, rice, litchi, sweet potato, avocado, calamus, dill, lovage, caraway seed, corn oil, corn tortillas, loquat, endive, lemon balm, clary sage, shrimp, oyster, clam, scallop, Chinese quince, maté, sweet grass oil and mastic gum fruit oil.

Использование

1-Nonanal is used very extensively, but also very sparingly in volume, in perfume formulations. Trace ambunts, often less than 0.1 %, are used in Rose, Lily, Peony, Orris, Geranium, Citrus, Orangeblossom, Jasmin, Tuberose, Opopanax and many other fragrance types, The aldehyde will supply very natural "flower-wax" or "petal"-notes, and give tremendous "lift" to a perfume.
It often forms part of an "aldehydic base" which in turn may form part of a topnote composition. In flavor compositions, the aldehyde is used for imitation Citrus, particularly Lemon and Mandarin. Concentrations are very low, normally about 0.2 up to about 6 ppm in the finished product.

Использование

Nonanal has a strong odor that is a mix of oil and sweet orange. When mixed with ethanol, it produces a solution that has a fragrance reminiscent of vanillin. This compound is often added to food as a flavoring agent and can be used in the creation of scents such as rose, orange blossom, fragrant violet, and a variety of other fragrances.

Определение

ChEBI: Nonanal is a saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism. It has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a saturated fatty aldehyde, a n-alkanal and a medium-chain fatty aldehyde. It is functionally related to a nonanoic acid.

Подготовка

1-Nonanal can be synthesized by catalytic oxidation of the corresponding alcohol (n- nonanol) or by reduction of the corresponding acid.

Общее описание

Clear brown liquid characterized by a rose-orange odor. Insoluble in water. Found in at least 20 essential oils, including rose and citrus oils and several species of pine oil.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Sensitive to air. Insoluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

1-Nonanal is an aldehyde. Aldehydes are frequently involved in self-condensation or polymerization reactions. These reactions are exothermic; they are often catalyzed by acid. Aldehydes are readily oxidized to give carboxylic acids. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of aldehydes with azo, diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. Aldehydes can react with air to give first peroxo acids, and ultimately carboxylic acids. These autoxidation reactions are activated by light, catalyzed by salts of transition metals, and are autocatalytic (catalyzed by the products of the reaction). The addition of stabilizers (antioxidants) to shipments of aldehydes retards autoxidation. Polymerizes readily with sulfuric acid and oxidized to nonanoic acid.

Пожароопасность

1-Nonanal is combustible.

Профиль безопасности

A severe skin irritant. Combustible liquid. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also ALDEHYDES.

Метаболизм

See aldehyde C-8

использованная литература

Dictionary Of Food Ingredients DOI:10.5860/choice.49-1813
Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients DOI:10.1201/9781439847503
Common fragrance and flavor materials DOI:10.1002/3527608214
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Nonanal
Christian Kohlpaintner, Markus Schulte, Jürgen Falbe, Peter Lappe, Jürgen Weber (2008). "Aldehydes, Aliphatic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_321.pub2