N-нонан

Химические свойства

n-Nonane, C9H20, is a colorless, highly flammable liquid. Nonane is a constituent in the paraffin fraction of crude oil and natural gas. It is released to the environment via the manufacture, use, and disposal of many products associated with the petroleum and gasoline industries.

Физические свойства

Clear, colorless, flammable liquid with a gasoline-like odor. An odor threshold concentration of 2.2 ppm_v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).

Использование

Organic synthesis, biodegradable detergents, distillation chaser.

Определение

ChEBI: A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms.

Общее описание

A clear colorless liquid with a sharp odor. Flash point 86°F. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Contact may irritate eyes and possibly injury the cornea. May irritate skin. Vapor inhalation may cause irritation. Prolonged inhalation may lead to breathing difficulty. Ingestion causes abdominal discomfort, nausea and diarrhea.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

NONANE is incompatible with oxidizing materials. N-NONANE is also incompatible with oxygen. .

Опасность

Flammable, moderate fire risk. Irritant, narcotic in high concentration. Central nervous system impairment.

Угроза здоровью

Inhalation of concentrated vapor causes depression, irritation of respiratory tract, and pulmonary edema. Liquid can irritate eyes and (on prolonged contact) skin. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Aspiration causes severe lung irritation, rapidly developing pulmonary edema, and central nervous system excitement followed by depression.

Профиль безопасности

Poison by intravenous route. Mildly toxic by inhalation. Irritating to respiratory tract. Narcotic in high concentrations. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials. Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. Emitted from modern building materials (CENEAR 69,22,91). To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Возможный контакт

Nonane is used in the synthesis of biodegradable detergents as a distillation chaser; an ingredient in Stoddard solvent and gasoline.

Экологическая судьба

Biological. Nonane may biodegrade in two ways. This first is the formation of nonyl hydroperoxide, which decomposes to 1-nonanol followed by oxidation to nonanoic acid. The other pathway involves dehydrogenation to 1-nonene, which may react with water giving 1-nonanol (Dugan, 1972). Microorganisms can oxidize alkanes under aerobic conditions. The most common degradative pathway involves the oxidation of the terminal methyl group forming 1-nonanol. The alcohol may undergo a series of dehydrogenation steps forming nonanal then a fatty acid (nonanoic acid). The fatty acid may then be metabolized by β-oxidation to form the mineralization products, carbon dioxide, and water (Singer and Finnerty, 1984).
Photolytic. Atkinson reported a photooxidation rate constant of 1.02 x 10^-11 cm³/molecule?sec for the reaction of nonane and OH radicals in the atmosphere. Photooxidation reaction rate constants of 1.0 x 10^-11 and 2.30 x 10^-16 cm³/molecule?sec were reported for the reaction of nonane with OH and NO3, respectively (Sablji? and Güsten, 1990).
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water.

Перевозки

UN1920 Nonanes, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

Методы очистки

Fractionally distil n-nonane, then stir it with successive volumes of conc H2SO4 for 12hours each until no further coloration is observed in the acid layer. Then wash it with water, dry with MgSO4 and fractionally distil it. Alternatively, it is purified by azeotropic distillation with 2-ethoxyethanol, followed by washing out the alcohol with water, drying and distilling it. [Forziati et al. J Res Nat Bur Stand 36 129 1946, Beilstein 1 IV 447.]

Несовместимости

Nonane forms explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.

Утилизация отходов

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.