111-84-2

A clear colorless liquid with a sharp odor. Flash point 86°F. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Contact may irritate eyes and possibly injury the cornea. May irritate skin. Vapor inhalation may cause irritation. Prolonged inhalation may lead to breathing difficulty. Ingestion causes abdominal discomfort, nausea and diarrhea.

NONANE is incompatible with oxidizing materials. N-NONANE(111-84-2) is also incompatible with oxygen. .

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Flammable, moderate fire risk. Irritant, narcotic in high concentration. Central nervous system impairment.

Inhalation of concentrated vapor causes depression, irritation of respiratory tract, and pulmonary edema. Liquid can irritate eyes and (on prolonged contact) skin. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Aspiration causes severe lung irritation, rapidly developing pulmonary edema, and central nervous system excitement followed by depression.

Nonane is used in the synthesis of biodegradable detergents as a distillation chaser; an ingredient in Stoddard solvent and gasoline.

If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.

UN1920 Nonanes, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

Nonane forms explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.

colourless liquid

n-Nonane, C9H20, is a colorless, highly flammable liquid. Nonane is a constituent in the paraffin fraction of crude oil and natural gas. It is released to the environment via the manufacture, use, and disposal of many products associated with the petroleum and gasoline industries.

Nonane is a colorless liquid.

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.

Clear, colorless, flammable liquid with a gasoline-like odor. An odor threshold concentration of 2.2 ppm_v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).

ChEBI: A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms.

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 95, p. 6452, 1973 DOI: 10.1021/ja00800a052
The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 44, p. 2705, 1979 DOI: 10.1021/jo01329a023
Tetrahedron Letters, 32, p. 1691, 1991 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)74305-X

Schauer et al. (1999) reported nonane in a diesel-powered medium-duty truck exhaust at an emission rate of 160 μg/km.
Identified as one of 140 volatile constituents in used soybean oils collected from a processing plant that fried various beef, chicken, and veal products (Takeoka et al., 1996).
Schauer et al. (2001) measured organic compound emission rates for volatile organic compounds, gas-phase semi-volatile organic compounds, and particle-phase organic compounds from the residential (fireplace) combustion of pine, oak, and eucalyptus. The gas-phase emission rate of nonane was 3.9 mg/kg of pine burned. Emission rates of nonane were not measured during the combustion of oak and eucalyptus.
California Phase II reformulated gasoline contained nonane at a concentration of 2.08 g/kg. Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic converters were 0.43 and 45.3 mg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002).

Biological. Nonane may biodegrade in two ways. This first is the formation of nonyl hydroperoxide, which decomposes to 1-nonanol followed by oxidation to nonanoic acid. The other pathway involves dehydrogenation to 1-nonene, which may react with water giving 1-nonanol (Dugan, 1972). Microorganisms can oxidize alkanes under aerobic conditions. The most common degradative pathway involves the oxidation of the terminal methyl group forming 1-nonanol. The alcohol may undergo a series of dehydrogenation steps forming nonanal then a fatty acid (nonanoic acid). The fatty acid may then be metabolized by β-oxidation to form the mineralization products, carbon dioxide, and water (Singer and Finnerty, 1984).
Photolytic. Atkinson reported a photooxidation rate constant of 1.02 x 10^-11 cm³/molecule?sec for the reaction of nonane and OH radicals in the atmosphere. Photooxidation reaction rate constants of 1.0 x 10^-11 and 2.30 x 10^-16 cm³/molecule?sec were reported for the reaction of nonane with OH and NO3, respectively (Sablji? and Güsten, 1990).
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water.

Fractionally distil n-nonane, then stir it with successive volumes of conc H2SO4 for 12hours each until no further coloration is observed in the acid layer. Then wash it with water, dry with MgSO4 and fractionally distil it. Alternatively, it is purified by azeotropic distillation with 2-ethoxyethanol, followed by washing out the alcohol with water, drying and distilling it. [Forziati et al. J Res Nat Bur Stand 36 129 1946, Beilstein 1 IV 447.]

The initial threshold screening level (ITSL) for n-nonane is 550 μg/m3 based on an annual averaging time.