ДИФЕНИЛОВЫЙ ЭФИР

Описание

Diphenyl ether (diphenyl oxide) is a colorless liquid with a floral odor. It is a white, crystalline solid at temperatures below 80ºF (27ºC). It has low volatility, low solubility in water, and is stable at high temperatures. Avoid contact with oxidizing materials.
Liquid diphenyl oxide is used primarily in industry. It is used in the industrial setting as a heat transfer fluid. It is the major component of Dowtherm A® (an eutectic mixture of phenyl ether and biphenyl) and further as a chemical intermediate in the production of surface-active agents and hightemperature lubricants, and in perfumery due to its geranium-like odour (ACG99b). It is also used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of surfactants and fire retardants.
Diphenyl oxide (DPO) is manufactured using the direct phenol method.

Физические свойства

Diphenyl oxide is a practically colorless crystalline solid with a harsh, floral-green, metallic geranium-type odor. clear pale yellowish liquid after melting. It is almost completely insoluble in water, but dissolves in most of the common organic solvents. Its high thermal stability at temperatures as high as 350 to 400°C. together with its noncorrosiveness and general chemical inertness make it eminently suitable as a component of high-boiling heat transfer media.

Химические свойства

Diphenyl Ether has not been observed in nature. It is a colorless liquid or a crystalline solid (mp 26.8°C) with an odor reminiscent of geranium leaves. Diphenyl ether is obtained as a by-product in the production of phenol by high-pressure hydrolysis of chlorobenzene. Because of its stability and low price, diphenyl ether is used in large quantities in soap perfumes.

Вхождение

Reported found in muscat grapes, grilled beef, green tea, potato chips, buckwheat, Bourbon vanilla and lemon balm.

Использование

Phenyl Ether is an Impurity of Propofol (P829750).

Определение

ChEBI: Diphenyl ether is an aromatic ether in which the oxygen is attached to two phenyl substituents. It has been found in muscat grapes and vanilla. It has a role as a plant metabolite.

Подготовка

By heating potassium phenolate with bromobenzene or with chlorobenzene at elevated temperatures.

Общее описание

Colorless liquid with a mild pleasant odor. May float or sink in water. Freezing point is 81°F.

Общее описание

Diphenyl ether occurs, e.g., in lemon balm oil. The compound forms colorless crystals that possess a geranium-like aroma. Diphenyl ether is formed as a byproduct in the high-pressure hydrolysis of chlorobenzene. Because of its high thermal stability, a eutectic mixture of diphenyl ether and biphenyl is employed as a heat transfer medium. Diphenyl ether is the starting material for organic intermediates and is used as a fragrance component. The compound is also employed as a processing aid in the production of polyesters; several polybromine derivatives of diphenyl ether are used as fire retardants.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Insoluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

Diphenyl oxide can react with oxidizing materials. . A vigorous reaction occurred between the ether and chlorosulfuric acid.

Угроза здоровью

Inhalation may cause nausea because of disagreeable odor. Contact of liquid with eyes causes mild irritation. Prolonged exposure of skin to liquid causes reddening and irritation. Ingestion produces nausea.

Пожароопасность

Diphenyl oxide is combustible.

Профиль безопасности

Moderately toxic by ingestion. Prolonged exposure damages liver, spleen, kidneys, and thyroid, and upsets gastrointestinal tract. A skin and eye irritant. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials. For explosion hazard, see ETHERS. To fight fire, use water, foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes

Канцерогенность

Phenyl ether was not mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella assay with or without metabolic activation.

Методы очистки

Crystallise the ether from 90% EtOH. Melt it, wash it with 3M NaOH and water, dry it with CaCl2 and fractionally distil it under reduced pressure. Fractionally recrystallise it from its melt and store over P2O5. [Beilstein 6 IV 562.]