Дибензофурана

Описание

Dioxins and furans, two well-known environmental pollutants, are extremely toxic to humans and many other species. Dibenzofurans are released into the air from combustion sources, and are listed as pollutants of concern due to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans and the environment. These compounds, when adsorbed on soils or other substrates, are highly persistent under normal environmental conditions. The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment reviews risk assessments submitted under the Air Toxics ‘Hot Spots’ Program (AB 2588) in which chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans are listed. Chlorinated dibenzofurans were calculated as total 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalents in the AB 2588 risk assessments. Dibenzofuran is cited in the Clean Air Act 1990 Amendments – Hazardous Air Pollutants as a volatile hazardous air pollutant of potential concern. The Superfund Amendment Reauthorization Act Section 110 placed dibenzofuran on the revised Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry priority list of hazardous substances to be the subject of a toxicological profile. Dibenzofuran is also listed in the Massachusetts Substance List for Right to Know Law, the New Jersey Department of Health Hazard Right to Know Program Hazardous Substance List, the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry Hazardous Substance List, and the California’s Air Toxics ‘Hot Spots’ List (Assembly Bill 2588).

Химические свойства

Dibenzofuran is a white crystalline powder.

Физические свойства

Colorless crystals having a creosote-like odor. The least detectable odor threshold concentration in water at 60 °C was 2 μg/L (Alexander et al., 1982).

Использование

Dibenzofuran is an industrial chemical or by-product, and is used as an insecticide, in the production of PVC, industrial bleaching and incineration.

Определение

ChEBI: A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.

Общее описание

Colorless white crystalline solid.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Insoluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

Dibenzofuran is sensitive to prolonged exposure to light .

Пожароопасность

Flash point data for Dibenzofuran are not available. Dibenzofuran is probably combustible.

Возможный контакт

This material is used as an insecticide and in organic synthesis to make other chemicals. It is derived from coal tar creosote.

Экологическая судьба

Biological. Dibenzofuran was oxidized by salicylate-induced cells of Pseudomonas sp. strain 9816/11 and isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside-induced cells of Escherichia coli JM109(DE3) (pDTG141) to (1R,2S)-cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzofuran (60–70% yield) and (3S,4R)- cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrodibenzofuran (30–40% yield) (Resnick and Gibson, 1996).
Soil. The estimated half-lives of dibenzofuran in soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were 7 to 28 and 28 to 112 d, respectively (Lee et al., 1984).
Groundwater. Based on aerobic acclimated and unacclimated groundwater die away test data, the estimated half-life of dibenzofuran in groundwater ranged from 8.54 to 34.9 d (Lee et al., 1984).
Photolytic. The estimated half-life for the reaction of dibenzofuran with OH radicals in the atmosphere ranged from 1.9 to 19 h (Atkinson, 1987).
Chemical/Physical. It was suggested that the chlorination of dibenzofuran in tap water accounted for the presence of chlorodibenzofuran (Shiraishi et al., 1985).
Dibenzofuran will not hydrolyze because it has no hydrolyzable functional group (Kollig, 1995).

Перевозки

UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required.

Методы очистки

Dissolve dibenzofuran in diethyl ether, then shake it with two portions of aqueous NaOH (2M), wash it with water, separate and dry (MgSO4) it. After evaporating the ether, dibenzofuran is crystallised from aqueous 80% EtOH and then dried under vacuum. [Cass et al. J Chem Soc 1406 1958.] High purity material is obtained by zone refining. [Beilstein 17 V 234.]

Несовместимости

This material is used as an insecticide and in organic synthesis to make other chemicals. It is derived from coal tar creosote.

Утилизация отходов

In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed prop- erly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.