Оксид меди (I)

Химические свойства

Copper(I) oxide, Cu2O, occurs in nature as the red or reddish brown mineral cuprite in a cubic or octahedral crystalline morphology. Synthetic materials variously appear as yellow (somewhat pyrophoric), orange, red, or purple powders, depending on particle size. Copper(I) oxide is stable in dry air, but slowly oxidizes to copper(II) oxide, [1317-38-0], in moist air. It is virtually insoluble in water but dissolves in complexing acids such as HCl and in aqueous ammonia to form copper(I) complexes. In dilute sulfuric and nitric acids, disproportionation to the soluble copper(II) salts and copper powder obtains.

Использование

Fungicide; antiseptic for fishnets; in antifouling paints for marine use; in photoelectric cells; as red pigment for glass, ceramic glazes; in brazing pastes; in rectifiers; as catalyst.

Определение

For the native ore see cuprite.

Подготовка

Copper(I) oxide decomposes above 1800°C but can be prepared by heating copper metal in air above 1030°C. To prevent further oxidation, the material must be cooled in an inert atmosphere. Lower temperatures may be used to produce the oxide if the material is blended with a reducing agent such as carbon and heated to 750°C in an inert atmosphere. The product must be stabilized with isophthalic acid or pine oil (Ayers, 1953). A particularly stable copper(I) oxide can be prepared by blending copper powder and cupric oxide in stoichiometric amounts and heating to 800-900°C. Lower temperatures can be used if ammonia or certain ammonium salts are added to the blend (Day, 1969; Drapeau and Johnson, 1956; Drapeau and Johnson, 1959).

Общее описание

Copper(I) oxide is a weak inorganic base that can be used to activate halides for nucleophilic substitution reaction. It is also used in decarboxylation and cyclo condensation reactions.

Опасность

Toxic by ingestion.

Профиль безопасности

Moderately toxic by ingestion. Experimental reproductive effects. A fungicide. Violent, potentially explosive reaction with concentrated peroxyformic acid. Violent reaction when heated with aluminum. See also COPPER COMPOUNDS.

Описание

Оксид меди (I) (гемиоксид меди, окси́д димеди, устар. закись меди) — химическое соединение с формулой Cu2O. Соединение меди с кислородом, основный оксид. Кристаллическое вещество коричнево-красного цвета. В природе встречается в виде минерала куприта.

Химические свойства

Оксид меди (I) при нормальных условиях — твёрдое вещество коричнево-красного цвета нерастворимое в воде и этаноле. Плавится без разложения при 1242 °C.
Оксид меди (I) имеет кубическую сингонию кристаллической решётки, пространственная группа P n3m, a = 0,4270 нм, Z = 2.

Применение

Оксид меди (I) применяется как пигмент для окрашивания стекла, керамики, глазурей; как компонент красок, защищающих подводную часть судна от обрастания; в качестве фунгицида.
Обладает полупроводниковыми свойствами, используется в меднозакисных вентилях.