Other lactams such as butyrolactam, d-valerolactam, and dimer and trimer lactams can be formed from enzymatic reactions of 4-aminobutanoic acid, 5-aminovaleric acid, and 8-aminooctanoic acid using N435 as the catalyst. For reactions using 8-aminooctanoic acid as the substrate, N435 did not catalyze the formation of caprylolactam. Instead, the corresponding dimer and trimer lactams were formed. The formation of macrocyclic bislactams from reactions between diesters and diamines using porcine pancreatic lipase as the catalyst was previously reported. However, in the enzymatic reaction of 8-aminooctanoic acid using N435, different macrocyclic dimer and trimer lactams were formed in a ratio of 3:2. The ratio was calculated from the mass spectrometric peak intensities of the product[2].
