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순도시험
순도시험 (1) 용상 : 이 품목 1g을 수산화나트륨용액(4.3→100) 10mL에 녹일 때 등황～황갈색을 나타내며, 그 탁도는 거의 징명 이하이어야 한다.
(2) 비소 : 이 품목을 비소시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 4.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.
(3) 납 : 이 품목 5.0g을 취하여 원자흡광광도법 또는 유도결합플라즈마발광광도법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 10.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.
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확인시험
(1) 이 품목을 수산화나트륨용액(1→20) 또는 가열한 무수탄산나트륨용액(1→100)에 녹인 액은 등황～적황색을 나타낸다.
(2) 이 품목 0.1g에 에탄올 5mL 및 수산화나트륨용액(1→20) 1mL를 가하여 2～3분간 끓이고 식힌 후 여과할 때, 여액은 황색을 나타낸다.
(3) 이 품목 0.1g에 에탄올 5mL를 가해 가열하고 식힌 다음 여과한다. 여액 4mL에 염산 1mL 및 마그네슘분말 0.01g을 가해 방치할 때, 액은 적색을 나타낸다.
(4) 이 품목 0.1g에 염산(1→9) 10mL를 가해 5분간 끓인다. 식힌 후 여과하고 여액은 수산화나트륨용액(1→4)으로 중화한 후 펠링시액 3mL를 가하여 가열할 때, 적색의 침전을 나타낸다.
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정량법
이 품목을 105℃에서 3시간 건조한 다음 약 50mg을 정밀히 달아 0.01N 수산화나트륨용액에 녹여 100mL로 하고 이 액 2mL를 취하여 0.01N 수산화칼륨용액으로 50mL로 한 것을 시험용액으로 하여, 파장 286nm에서 흡광도 A를 측정하여 다음 계산식에 따라 함량(%)을 구한다.
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헤스페리딘(C28H34O15)의 함량(%) ＝
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A
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×
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25,000
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× 100
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251.7
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검체의 채취량(mg)
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정의
이 품목은 감귤류의 과피, 과즙 또는 종자로부터 알칼리성수용액으로 추출하고 정제하여서 얻어지는 것으로서 주성분은 헤스페리딘이다.
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강열잔류물
이 품목 1g을 취하여 강열잔류물시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 0.3% 이하이어야 한다.
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개요
Hesperidin exists mainly in the peel of lemon, orange, and Seville orange flower,
which belong to facilitating medicine. These Chinese medicines are warm and fragrant with the function of eliminating depression and knots. They cure abdominal
distension, belching swallow acid pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea or constipation caused by the spleen, and stomach qi zhi; and they also cure depression, hernia,
breast pain, and menoxenia caused by liver qi; moreover, they cure chest pain,
cough, and asthma, which are caused by lung qi.
Modern research has shown that li qi medicines have an extensive effect, such as
regulatory effect on the digestive system, and they control the bronchial smooth
muscle, the uterus smooth muscle, and the cardiovascular system. The base of the
effect of li qi medicines in inverse, anti-nausea, antidiarrheal, and analgesia pharmacological effects is its effect in inhibiting gastric bowel movement; its exciting gastrointestinal movement is the foundation to eliminate swelling; its effect in relaxation
of the bronchial smooth muscle is the foundation of pharmacological effects in antinausea. The intravenous injection to treat shock effect is the new development of li
qi medicine.
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화학적 성질
light brown powder
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물리적 성질
Appearance: fine dendritic crystal (precipitation at pH 6–7), odorless, tasteless.
Melting point: 258–262?°C (softening at 250?°C). Solubility: 1?g of hesperidin can be
soluble in 50?l of water. Hesperidin dissolves in dimethyl formamide and formamide
at 60?°C.?It is slightly soluble in methanol and hot ice acetic acid and hardly soluble
in acetone, benzene, and chloroform and is soluble in dilute alkali and pyridine.
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역사
Hesperidin is the glycoside in the form of hesperidin and rubiose and is a derivative
of dihydroflavonoids. It widely exists in legume, birch, lip flower, butterfly flower,
Rutaceae, and citrus plants. Hesperidin is an important composition of citrus
pulp and peel; most of hesperidin exists in citrus processing waste such as skin and
fruit bag. Mature skin and tissue have the highest content of hesperidin (30–50% in
endocarp; 30–50% in orange collaterals, nuclear, and pulp; and 10–20% in exo_x005fcarp); the content of hesperidin is relatively low in juice and orange bag, which is
about 1–5%. The crude extracts of hesperidin was first discovered in 1827 by
Lebreton. Then the Hungarian scholar Albert Szent-Gyorgi discovered that the flavonoids have a protective microvascular effect in 1936, which is similar to that of
vitamin P. Preparation of vitamin P was made in 1938. It was not until 1949
that it was discovered that vitamin P was made up of two flavonoids, luteolin and
hesperidin, which are believed to be vitamin active. This substance, which was later
named as vitamin P, was designed to reduce blood vessel permeability and brittleness, as well as alleviate bad blood and vitamin C deficiency. It was later discovered
that the substance had an antioxidant effect, so the name of vitamin P was abandoned. Due to the widespread distribution of hesperidin in plant medicine, the
research and development have been widely followed.
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용도
Hesperidin is a flavoring agent that is a bioflavonoid found in citrus
pulp. it has minor use as a flavorant.
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정의
ChEBI: A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.
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Indications
Hesperidin can be used for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment, blood
sugar and blood lipid and blood pressure regulation, circulatory system regulation,
and body regulation, and it can also be used as an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory,
and antiviral.
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Pharmacology
The pharmacological effect of hesperidin is widespread, and people thought it was
vitamin P in the early days, but in recent years, people found that it has other functions such as controlling blood pressure, antiallergic, reducing bone mineral density
and cholesterol, improving enzyme activity and microcirculation, antibacterial,
anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatitis B, antitumor, and other pharmacological effects.Hesperidin has the function of vitamin P, which can reduce capillary permeability and prevent microvascular hemorrhage. Intraperitoneal injection of hesperidin at
175–250?mg/kg in mice could increase permeability of blood vessels by antihistamine and inhibiting hemolytic lecithin. Hesperidin has antiviral and antimicrobial
effect, and preincubation with hesperidin at 200? mg/ml protects the cells from
viruses. One to 10?μg/ml of hesperidin effectively inhibits the growth of the fungus.
It has the effect of maintaining the normal osmotic pressure of the blood vessels,
reducing the shortness of blood vessels, shortening bleeding time, reducing blood
fat, and preventing atherosclerosis; hesperidin has an effect on the gastrointestinal
tract, which can excite the smooth muscle transiently and then inhibit it, and it is a
major component of the diet drug; hesperidin has an effect of anti-lipid peroxidation
and scavenging hydroxyl radical. Hesperidin is a newly discovered flavonoid compound which has an effect in the central nervous system; it has a sedative effect. At
the same time, hesperidin has the effect of lowering cholesterol, curing rheumatism,
and inhibiting skin pigmentation. Hesperidin is a strong affinity for estrogen receptors, which can be used in estrogen receptors to prevent bone loss and reduce the
number of osteoblasts.
Hesperidin has a significant inhibitory effect on human lung
cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, and human breast cancer cells, which can
be used for cancer prevention.
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Clinical Use
Hesperidin has the effect to maintain osmotic pressure, strengthen the capillary
toughness, shorten the bleeding time, lower cholesterol, and so on. Although hesperidin cannot be used as independent medication, it is recorded in the pharmacopoeia that hesperidin, as auxiliary materials, is widely used to aid in the treatment
of cardiovascular system; it can be configured as a variety of drugs to prevent hardening of the arteries and myocardial infarction. It is one of the main raw materials
of medicine “pulse.” Hesperidin is used as auxiliary materials for the treatment of
vascular brittleness, bedsore, rheumatoid arthritis, vitamin C deficiency disease,
trauma, obstetric disease, gum inflammation, edema, and gastrointestinal tract disease in the world. Hesperidin can be used to produce an anticancer drug called
diosmin. Natural antioxidant is available in the food industry. It is also used in
the cosmetics industry.
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부작용
Potential side effects of hesperidin include: abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea, contact dermatitis (itchy rash caused by direct contact with the substance). In a study evaluating the effects of hesperidin supplementation on heart attacks, no serious adverse reactions were reported.
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Purification Methods
Dissolve hesperidine in dilute aqueous alkali and precipitate it by adjusting the pH to 6-7. [Beilstein 18 III/IV 3219, 18/5 V 218.]
