2-Methylpyridin

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Achtung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H226：Flüssigkeit und Dampf entzündbar.

  H311：Giftig bei Hautkontakt.

  H314：Verursacht schwere Verätzungen der Haut und schwere Augenschäden.

  H335：Kann die Atemwege reizen.

• Sicherheit

  P210：Von Hitze, heißen Oberflächen, Funken, offenen Flammen und anderen Zündquellenarten fernhalten. Nicht rauchen.

  P280：Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.

  P301+P312：BEI VERSCHLUCKEN: Bei Unwohlsein GIFTINFORMATIONSZENTRUM/Arzt/... (geeignete Stelle für medizinische Notfallversorgung vom Hersteller/Lieferanten anzugeben) anrufen.

  P303+P361+P353：BEI BERÜHRUNG MIT DER HAUT (oder dem Haar): Alle kontaminierten Kleidungsstücke sofort ausziehen. Haut mit Wasser abwaschen oder duschen.

  P305+P351+P338：BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.

2-Picoline Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

  FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.

• CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

  Zersetzung beim Verbrennen unter Bildung giftiger Rauche mit Stickstoffoxiden. Reagiert mit Oxidationsmitteln. Greift Kupfer und seine Legierungen an.

• ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

  TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
  MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
  

• AUFNAHMEWEGE

  Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.

• INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

  Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.

• WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

  WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
  Die Substanz verätzt die Augen und die Haut. Der Dampf der Substanz reizt die Atemwege. Exposition in hohen Konzentrationenl kann zu Bewusstlosigkeit führen.

• WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

  Die Flüssigkeit entfettet die Haut.

• LECKAGE

  Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät.

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R10:Entzündlich.
  R20/21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
  R36/37:Reizt die Augen und die Atmungsorgane.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
  S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  2-Methylpyridine is highly stable in aqueous solutions but decomposes when heated to emit NOx. The chemical also may react with oxidizing agents.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Picolines are colorless liquids. Strong, unpleasant, pyridine-like odor.“Picoline” is often used as mixed isomers.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  colourless to yellow liquid with an unpleasant smell

• Occurrence

  2-Methylpyridine is released in atmospheric emissions from coal during processing into tar, pitch and coke (Windholz et al 1983; Naizer and Mashek 1974). It is also a byproduct of coal gasification and liquefaction processes (Pellizzori et al 1979; Stuermer et al 1982) and oil shale retorting (Pellizzari et al 1979). It is present in coal and is released in stack emissions (Opresko 1982). 2-Methylpyridine has been identified in effluences from the following industries: timber products, organic chemicals, pharmaceuticals and public waste treatment facilities (Schackleford and Cline 1983). 2-Methylpyridine also is a constituent of tobacco smoke (Brunneman 1978).
  2-Methylpyridine is biodegradable. A 1 mM solution of 2-methylpyridine exposed in soil microorganism was completely degraded in 14-33 d under aerobic conditions, but not degraded after 97 d in anaerobic conditions (Naik et al 1972).

• Verwenden

  2-Picoline is used as a reagent in the synthesis of 2-Picolineborane, a non-toxic alternative to sodium borohydride for the labelling of oligosaccharides.

• Verwenden

  2-Picoline is used as an intermediate in agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. It serves as a solvent as well as to prepare dyes and resins. It finds application as a constituent in cigarette smoke, bone oil, coal tar and coke oven emissions. Further, it acts as a precursor of 2-vinylpyridine, picolinic acid and nitrapyrin. It is also employed to study the electron and proton transfer reactions of lumiflavin. In addition, it is used in the synthetic pathway for the preparation of dearomatized, allylated and carbon-hydrogen bond activated pyridine derivatives.

• Verwenden

  Solvent; intermediate in the dye and resins industries.

• Definition

  ChEBI: 2-methylpyridine is a methylpyridine carrying a methyl substituent at position 2.

• Vorbereitung Methode

  2-Methylpyridine is synthesized by distillation of coal tar or bone oil or by vapor phase reaction of acetaldehyde and ammonia in a 3:1 ratio followed by isolation of 2-methylpyridine from the reaction mixture (Considine 1974). It also can be synthesized from cyclohexylamine with excess ammonia and ZnCl2 at 350°C, resulting in a 40-50% yield; or prepared from ethylene-mercuric acetate adduct with ammonia water with a 70% yield (Windholz et al 1983). Production in 1977 probably exceeded one million pounds (Opresko 1982).

• Synthesis Reference(s)

  Journal of the American Chemical Society, 86, p. 5355, 1964 DOI: 10.1021/ja01077a077
  Synthesis, p. 26, 1976
  Tetrahedron Letters, 17, p. 383, 1976 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)93738-9

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  Colorless liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor. Floats on water. Poisonous vapor is produced.

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Highly flammable. Water soluble.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  2-Picoline is hygroscopic. 2-Picoline reacts with hydrogen peroxide, iron(II) sulfate, sulfuric acid, oxidizing agents, acids, and metals.

• Health Hazard

  INHALATION, INGESTION OR SKIN ABSORPTION: Narcosis, headache, nausea, giddiness, vomiting. EYES: Severe irritation. SKIN: Causes burns. INGESTION: Irritation and gastric upset.

• Health Hazard

  2-Methylpyridine causes local irritation on contact with the skin, mucous membranes and cornea (Reinhardt and Brittelli 1981). Clinical signs of intoxication caused by the methyl pyridines include weight loss, diarrhea, weakness, ataxia and unconsciousness (Reinhardt and Brittelli 1981) as well as narcosis headache, nausea, giddiness and vomiting (Ketchen and Porter 1979). Chronic exposure to methylpyridine results in anemia and ocular and facial paralysis in addition to the previously mentioned symptoms (Ketchen and Porter 1979).

• Flammability and Explosibility

  Flammable

• Industrielle Verwendung

  2-Methylpyridine is used as a solvent, or as a chemical intermediate in the dye and resin industries (Windholz et al 1983) or for pharmaceuticals and rubber (Hawley 1981). It is used to make 2-vinylpyridine which is in turn made into a terpolymer with styrene and butadiene. The latexes of these terpolymers are extensively employed in adhesives for bonding textiles to elastomers (Reinhart and Britelli 1981). It is also a chemical intermediate for 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine and 2-vinylpyridine.

• Sicherheitsprofil

  Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact. Mildly toxic by inhalation. A skin and severe eye irritant. Mutation data reported. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat or flame. To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical. Mixtures with hydrogen peroxide + iron(II) sulfate + sulfuric acid may igmte and then explode. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

• mögliche Exposition

  (o-isomer); Suspected reprotoxic hazard, Primary irritant (w/o allergic reaction), (m-isomer): Possible risk of forming tumors, Primary irritant (w/o allergic reaction). Picolines are used as intermediates in pharmaceutical manufacture, pesticide manufacture; and in the manufacture of dyes and rubber chemicals. It is also used as a solvent.

• Carcinogenicity

  No reliable studies in mammals to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of any of the three methylpyridines were found. None of the methylpyridines is listed as a carcinogen by IARC, NTP, OSHA, or ACGIH.

• Stoffwechsel

  Methylpyridines are absorbed by inhalation, ingestion or percutaneous absorption (Parmeggiana 1983). 2-Methylpyridine was rapidly absorbed and penetrated to the liver, heart, spleen, lungs and muscle during the first 10-20 min following oral administration of 0.5 g/kg to rats (Kupor 1972). The percentage uptake of 2-methylpyridine by rats increased with dosage and its elimination occurred in two phases which also were dose dependent (Zharikov and Titov 1982).
  Data on the biotransformation of 2-methylpyridine have been summarized by Williams (1959) and DeBruin (1976). In rabbits and dogs, the compound is oxidized to α-picolinic acid and then conjugated with glycine to form α-picolinuric acid which is excreted in the urine. In hens, it is excreted partially as α-pyridinornithuric acid. About 96% of a 100 mg/kg oral dose of 2-methylpyridine in rats was excreted in the urine as picolinuric acid (Hawksworth and Scheline 1975). There also is evidence that 2-methylpyridine forms an 2-methylated derivative in dogs (Williams 1959). Since 3-methylpyridine is converted to its N-oxide in various species (Gorrod and Damani 1980), it is likely that 2-methyl-pyridine also is similarly oxidized.

• Versand/Shipping

  UN2313 Picolines, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

• läuterung methode

  Biddiscombe and Handley [J Chem Soc 1957 1954] steam distilled a boiling solution of the base in 1.2 equivalents of 20% H2SO4 until about 10% of the base had been carried over, along with non-basic impurities. Excess aqueous NaOH is then added to the residue, the free base is separated, dried with solid NaOH and fractionally distilled. 2-Methylpyridine can also be dried with BaO, CaO, CaH2, LiAlH4, sodium or Linde type 5A molecular sieves. An alternative purification is via the ZnCl2 adduct, which is formed by adding 2-methylpyridine (90mL) to a solution of anhydrous ZnCl2 (168g) and 42mL conc HCl in absolute EtOH (200mL). Crystals of the complex are filtered off, recrystallised twice from absolute EtOH (to give m 118.5-119.5o), and the free base is liberated by addition of excess aqueous NaOH. It is steam distilled, and solid NaOH is added to the distillate to form two layers, the upper one of which is then dried with KOH pellets, stored for several days with BaO and fractionally distilled. Instead of ZnCl2, HgCl2 (430g in 2.4L of hot water) can be used. The complex, which separates on cooling, can be dried at 110o and recrystallised from 1% HCl (to m 156-157o). The hydrochloride has m 78-79o, and the picrate has m 165.5o(from EtOH) and 180o(from H2O). [Beilstein 20 III/IV 2679, 20/5 V 464.]

• Inkompatibilitäten

  Vapors may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Attacks copper and its alloys.

2-Picoline Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

2-Methylpyridin Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

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