БУТИРАЛЬДЕГИД

Описание

Butyraldehyde (butanal, IUPAC) is a water-white liquid with a pungent aldehyde odor. Butyraldehyde is a dangerous fire risk, with a flammable range of 2.5%–12.5% in air. Boiling point is 168°F (75°C), flash point is 10°F (?12°C), and ignition temperature is 446°F (230°C). It is slightly soluble in water, with a specific gravity of 0.8, which is lighter than water. Vapor density is 0.804, which is lighter than air. In addition to flammability, butyraldehyde is corrosive and causes severe eye and skin burns. It may be harmful if inhaled. The four-digit UN identification number is 1129. The NFPA 704 designation is health 3, flammability 3, and reactivity 2. The primary uses of butyraldehyde are in plastics and rubber and as a solvent.

Химические свойства

Butyraldehyde is a highly flammable, colorless liquid with a pungent odor.

Вхождение

Reported found in the essential oils from flowers, fruits, leaves or bark of Monarda fistulosa L., Litsea cubeba, Bulgarian clary sage, cajeput, Eucalyptus cinerea, E. globules, and others, as well as in apple and strawberry aromas. Also reported found in fresh apple, pears, carrots, peas, soybean, butter, milk, black tea, roast chicken, peanuts, loganberry, honey, white wine and hog plums (Spondias mombins L.).

Использование

n-Butyraldehyde is used to make rubberaccelerators, synthetic resins, and plasticizers;and as a solvent.

Подготовка

By dry distillation of calcium butyrate and calcium formate.

Определение

ChEBI: A member of the class of butanals that consists of propane bearing a formyl substituent at the 1-position. The parent of the class of butanals.

Общее описание

A clear liquid with a pungent odor. Flash point 20°F. Boiling point 75.7°F (Hawley's). Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

A colorless liquid, Butyraldehyde can react with oxidizing materials. In contact with strong acids or bases Butyraldehyde will undergo an exothermic condensation reaction. The dry aldehyde may undergo some polymerization reaction. Reacts vigorously with chlorosulfonic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid (oleum). [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 607].

Опасность

Flammable, dangerous fire risk.

Угроза здоровью

n-Butyraldehyde is a mild skin and eye irritant.The liquid in 100% pure form producedmoderate irritation on guinea pig skin. Theirritation resulting from 20 mg in 24 hours on rabbit eye was moderate. A higher dosecould produce severe irritation.
Toxicity of n-butyraldehyde is very low.The effect is primarily narcotic. No toxiceffect, however, was observed in mice from 2-hour exposure at a concentration of 44.6 g/m³.At a higher concentration, 174 g/m³ for30 minutes, it exhibited a general anestheticeffect on rats. Subcutaneous administrationof a high dose, >3 g/kg, produced the sameeffect, affecting the kidney and bladder.

Пожароопасность

Behavior in Fire: Vapors are heavier than air and may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Fires are difficult to control due to ease of reignition.

Химическая реактивность

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: May occur in the presence of heat, acids or alkalis; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Профиль безопасности

Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Severe skin and eye irritant. Human immunologcal effects by inhalation: delayed hypersensitivity. See also ALDEHYDES. Highly flammable liquid. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. Incompatible with oxidzing materials. Reacts vigorously with chlorosulfonic acid, HNO3, oleum, H2SO4. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes

Канцерогенность

Although butyraldehyde interacts with DNA, no experimental studies of its carcinogenic potency were found.

Экологическая судьба

Butanal does not possess high acute toxicity but is a potent irritant of the skin, eyes, and upper respiratory tract. The mechanism of toxicity probably involves direct reaction between the active aldehyde group and cellular components.

Перевозки

UN1129 Butyraldehyde, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3—Flammable liquid

Несовместимости

May form explosive mixture with air. Butyraldehyde can presumably form explosive peroxides, and may polymerize due to heat or contact with acids or alkalis. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, caustics, ammonia, aliphatic amines; alkanolamines, aromatic amines. May accumulate static electrical charges, and may cause ignition of its vapors. Possible self-reaction in air; undergoes rapid oxidation to

Утилизация отходов

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.