Hordenine

Описание

Hordenine (Item No. 21626) is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in a variety of plants, most commonly germinated barley (Hordeum species) from which the name is derived, and is structurally classified as a phenethylamine. It is biosynthesized by the step-wise double methylation of tyramine . Hordenine binds to and activates the dopamine D₂ receptor (K_i = 13 μM) but antagonizes D₂ receptor β-arrestin recruitment. It inhibits tyrosinase activity and expression at concentrations ≥ 50 μM resulting in reduced melanin accumulation in human melanocytes. Hordenine is present in significant amounts in beer and can be measured in serum in the free form, for up to 2 hours, and the glucuronidated form, for up to 6 hours, after beer consumption. This product is intended for research and forensic applications.

Химические свойства

Light yellow solid

Использование

Hordenine is suitable to study the effect of reed canary grass alkoloids on in vito digestibility. It is also suitable for use as a standard to identify endogenous hordenine in ungerminated and germinated barley by HPLC/diode array detection analysis. Hordenine may be used as an analytical reference material and in research on the activities of phenethylamine type alkaloids.

Методы очистки

Crystallise Hordenine from EtOH or H2O and sublime it at 105o/5mm. The 4,4’-dichlorodiphenyl disulfimide salt has m 145-146o (from Me2CO/H2O) [Runge et al. Chem Ber 88 50 1955]. [Beilstein 13 H 626, 13 I 236, 13 II 356, 13 III 1640, 13 IV 1790.]