Мальтоза

Химические свойства

Maltose occurs as white crystals or as a crystalline powder. It is odorless and has a sweet taste approximately 30% that of sucrose.

Вхождение

Maltose also is formed by yeast during breadmaking.

Использование

Maltose is a sweetener formed by the enzymatic action of yeast on starch. it consists of two dextrose molecules. maltose dissolves and crystallizes slowly in aqueous solutions, and is less sweet and more stable than sucrose. it is used in combination with dextrose in bread and in instant foods, and is also used in pancake syrups.

Определение

A sugar found in germinating cereal seeds. It is a disaccharide composed of two glucose units. Maltose is an important intermediate in the enzyme hydrolysis of starch. It is further hydrolyzed to glucose.

Методы производства

Maltose monohydrate is prepared by the enzymatic degradation of starch.

Фармацевтические приложения

Maltose is a disaccharide carbohydrate widely used in foods and pharmaceuticals. In parenteral products, maltose may be used as a source of sugar, particularly for diabetic patients.
Crystalline maltose is used as a direct-compression tablet excipient in chewable and nonchewable tablets.

Профиль безопасности

Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Безопасность

Maltose is used in oral and parenteral pharmaceutical formulations and is generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant material. However, there has been a single report of a liver transplantation patient with renal failure who developed hyponatremia following intravenous infusion of normal immunoglobulin in 10% maltose. The effect, which recurred on each of four successive infusions, resembled that of hyperglycemia and was thought to be due to accumulation of maltose and other osmotically active metabolites in the extracellular fluid.
LD₅₀ (mouse, IV): 26.8 g/kg
LD₅₀ (mouse, SC): 38.6 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rabbit, IV): 25.2 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, IP): 30.6 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, IV): 15.3 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, oral): 34.8 g/kg

хранилище

Maltose should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place.

Несовместимости

Maltose may react with oxidizing agents. A Maillard-type reaction may occur between maltose and compounds with a primary amine group, e.g. glycine, to form brown-colored products.

Регуляторный статус

In the USA, maltose is considered as a food by the FDA and is therefore not subject to food additive and GRAS regulations. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral solutions). Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. Included in parenteral products available in a number of countries worldwide.