D(+)-Мальтозы моногидрат

Химические свойства

White crystalline powder

Использование

D-(+)-Maltose monohydrate, is commonly found in foods and commonly utilized in brewing processes. It is also used in various culture media in the cell and tissue culture applications. D-(+)-Maltose Monohydrate is used as a substrate for α-glucosidase. It is also used as a substrate for the identification, differentiation and characterization of enzymes such as maltase(s); maltose α-D-glucosyltransferase(s); maltose-transporting ATPase(s); maltose O-acetyltransferase(s) and maltose epimerase(s) and phosphorylase(s). D-Maltose is used to study maltose-binding proteins and disaccharide transport systems.

Методы производства

Maltose monohydrate is prepared by the enzymatic degradation of starch.

Общее описание

Maltose monohydrate is commonly used as a tablet filler or excipient in pharmaceutical industry.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Фармацевтические приложения

Maltose is a disaccharide carbohydrate widely used in foods and pharmaceuticals. In parenteral products, maltose may be used as a source of sugar, particularly for diabetic patients.
Crystalline maltose is used as a direct-compression tablet excipient in chewable and nonchewable tablets.

Безопасность

Maltose is used in oral and parenteral pharmaceutical formulations and is generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant material. However, there has been a single report of a liver transplantation patient with renal failure who developed hyponatremia following intravenous infusion of normal immunoglobulin in 10% maltose. The effect, which recurred on each of four successive infusions, resembled that of hyperglycemia and was thought to be due to accumulation of maltose and other osmotically active metabolites in the extracellular fluid.
LD₅₀ (mouse, IV): 26.8 g/kg
LD₅₀ (mouse, SC): 38.6 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rabbit, IV): 25.2 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, IP): 30.6 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, IV): 15.3 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, oral): 34.8 g/kg

хранилище

Maltose should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place.

Методы очистки

Purify maltose by chromatography from aqueous solution on to a charcoal/Celite (1:1) column, wash it with water to remove glucose and other monosaccharides, then elute it with aqueous 75% EtOH. Crystallise it from water, aqueous EtOH or EtOH containing 1% nitric acid. Dry it as the monohydrate at room temperature under vacuum over H2SO4 or P2O5. Also purify it by dissolving it in MeOH, evaporating to a syrup which on standing for 12hours in contact with 1/10th its volume of H2O gives crystals of the monohydrate. Its iodine number is 55.5. The osazone has m 200o(dec) and [] D 20 +58o (c 1.4, H2O). [Howarth et al. J Chem Soc 793 1937, Beilstein 17 III/IV 3057, 17 V 189.]

Несовместимости

Maltose may react with oxidizing agents. A Maillard-type reaction may occur between maltose and compounds with a primary amine group, e.g. glycine, to form brown-colored products.

Регуляторный статус

In the USA, maltose is considered as a food by the FDA and is therefore not subject to food additive and GRAS regulations. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral solutions). Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. Included in parenteral products available in a number of countries worldwide.