Ртуть II хлористая

Химические свойства

Mercuric chloride,HgC12, is white crystals that are soluble in water and alcohol that melt at 276℃ and boil at 302℃. Highly toxic and corrosive, it is used in the manufacture of mercury compounds, in organic synthesis, as a reagent and catalyst, as a fungicide, insecticide, and wood preservative, and for many other purposes.

Использование

Preserving (kyanizing) wood and anatomical specimens; also embalming; disinfecting; browning and etching steel and iron; intensifier in photography; white reserve in fabric printing; tanning leather; electroplating aluminum; depolarizer for dry batteries; freeing gold from lead; magic photograms; mordant for rabbit and beaver furs; staining wood and vegetable ivory pink; manufacture of ink for mercurography; treating seed potatoes; manufacture of other mercury Compounds. As an important reagent In animal chemistry.

Определение

ChEBI: A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, emba ming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.

Общее описание

An odorless white crystalline solid. Density 5.4 g / cm3. Melting point 277°C. Slightly volatile at ordinary temperatures. Can be sublimed unchanged. Corrosive to the mucous membranes. Toxic by inhalation (dusts, etc.), ingestion, and skin absorption. Used in photography, disinfectants, wood preservatives, fungicides.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Slightly soluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

Mercury chloride is decomposed by sunlight. Incompatible with formates sulfites, phpophosphites, phosphates, sulfides, albumin, gelatin, alkalis, alkaloid salts, ammonia, lime water, antimony, arsenic, bromides, borax, carbonates, reduced iron, iron, copper, lead and silver salts, infusions of cinchona, oak bark or senna, tannic acids and vegetable astringents. .

Опасность

Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption; a poison.

Угроза здоровью

Mercury chloride is classified as extremely toxic. All forms of mercury are poisonous if absorbed. Probable oral lethal dose is 5-50 mg/kg; between 7 drops and 1 teaspoonful for a 150 lb. person. Mercury chloride is one of the most toxic salts of mercury. Material attacks the gastrointestinal tract and renal systems.

Пожароопасность

Material may explode on heating, with friction, or contact with alkali metals, sulfides, acetylene, ammonia, and oxalic acid. Upon decomposition highly toxic chloride and mercury fumes are emitted. Avoid formates, sulfites, hypophosphites, phosphates, sulfides, albumin, gelatin, alkalies, alkaloid salts, ammonia, lime water, antimony, arsenic, bromides, borax, carbonates, reduced iron, copper, iron, lead, silver salts, infusions of cinchona, columbo, oak bark or senna, and tannic acid. Mercury chloride may explode with friction or application of heat. Mixtures of Mercury chloride and sodium or potassium are shock sensitive and will explode on impact. Avoid contact with acids or acid fumes.

Профиль безопасности

A human poison by ingestion. Poison experimentally by ingestion, skin contact, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: respiratory obstruction, nausea or vomiting, urine volume decrease or anuria. Human reproductive effects by ingestion: terminates pregnancy. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. Questionable carcinogen. A severe eye and skin irritant. Reaction with sodmm aci-nitromethanide + acids forms the explosive mercury fulminate. Reacts violently with K, Na. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Hg.

Возможный контакт

Mercuric chloride is used as dip for bulbs and tubers; for earthworm control; as repellent to ants, roaches, etc.; in preserving wood and anatomical specimens; embalming, browning, etching steel and iron; as a catalyst for organic synthesis; disinfectant, antiseptic, tanning; textile printing aid; manufacture of dyes; in agricultural chemicals; dry batteries; pharmaceuticals, and photographic chemicals

Экологическая судьба

Mercury adsorbed from mercuric chloride and 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride (Aretan) solutions by three contrasting soils showed a dependence on soil–solution ratio and initial mercury (Hg) concentration in soil solution. Changing the soil–solution ratio from 1:10 to 1:100 but keeping the initial concentration constant resulted in an increase in initial concentration but, on the other hand, resulted in decrease in Hg adsorption. Upon manipulation of the pH of the surface soils, adsorption of mercuric chloride at 100 mg Hg l^-1 concentration increased from ～ 70 to over 95 mg Hg kg^-1 when the pH was raised from 5.0 to 8.0. Precipitation of Hg may also have contributed to this trend. Removal of organic matter from soil resulted in large reductions of Hg adsorbed, as much as 95% from the mercuric chloride solutions. Mercuric compounds found in the atmosphere are likely to be transformed by chemical or physical processes. Theoretical calculations on the photodissociation of mercuric compounds have indicated that mercuric chloride and mercuric cyanide are stable, while mercuric hydroxide may dissociate in the gas phase. Exchange reactions between water and mercury compounds are likely to occur in the atmosphere. These exchange reactions eventually result in the release of elemental mercury into the gaseous phase.

Перевозки

UN1624 Mercuric chloride, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

Методы очистки

It is soluble in EtOH and is extracted into Et2O from an aqueous solution. It is very POISONOUS and 0.2-0.4g is fatal. The antidote is immediate administration of white of egg as an emetic.

Несовместимости

A strong reducing agent; keep away from oxidizers. Mercuric chloride may explode with friction or application on heat. Mixtures of mercuric chloride and sodium or potassium are shock sensitive and will explode on impact. Avoid contact with acids or acid fumes. Also avoid the presence of formats, sulfites, hypophosphites, phosphates, sulfide; albumin, gelatin, alkalies, alkaloid salts; ammonia, lime water; antimony, arsenic, bromides, borax, carbonates, reduced iron, copper; iron, lead, silver salts; infusions of cinchona; columbo, oak bark or senna; and tannic acid