ОКСИД РТУТИ

Химические свойства

bright red, orange or yellow powder. Mercuric oxide is incompatible with strong reducing agents, strong oxidising agents, combustible materials, and organic materials.

Использование

Mercury oxide (HgO) exists in two forms, red and yellow mercuric oxides, and is related to mercurous oxide (Hg2O), which is black. All have industrial uses, ranging from antiseptics to pigments.

Общее описание

Red or orange-red odorless, dense crystalline powder or scales, yellow when finely powdered. Used as a chemical intermediate for mercury salts, organic mercury compounds, and chlorine monoxide; antiseptic in pharmaceuticals; component of dry cell batteries; pigment and glass modifier; fungicide; preservative in cosmetics; analytical reagent; formerly used in antifouling paints.

Профиль реактивности

MERCURIC OXIDE is light sensitive. When hydrazine hydrate is dropped on mercuric oxide, an explosion occurs [Mellor 8:318. 1946-47]. Hypophosphorous acid reduces mercuric oxide explosively to the metal [Mellor 4:778. 1946-47]. When heated to decomposition (932 F) MERCURIC OXIDE, RED decomposes into mercury and oxygen. Fumes from fire may contain poisonous mercury vapor; oxygen may increase intensity of fire. Explosion of mercuric oxide may occur with friction or application of heat. Avoid reducing agents. Avoid light; may decompose into mercury and oxygen.

Опасность

Fire risk in contact with organic materials. Highly toxic.

Угроза здоровью

MERCURIC OXIDE, RED is highly toxic by ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption. Very short exposure to small quantities may cause death or permanent injury. Following ingestion, mercuric oxide is readily converted to mercuric chloride, the most dangerous mercury compound. Mercuric oxide dust has a corrosive effect on eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. People with a history of allergies or known sensitization to mercury, chronic respiratory disease, nervous system disorders, or kidney disorders are at increased risk from exposure.

Пожароопасность

When heated to decomposition (932F) MERCURIC OXIDE, RED decomposes into mercury and oxygen. Fumes from fire may contain poisonous mercury vapor; oxygen may increase intensity of fire. Explosion of mercuric oxide may occur with friction or application of heat. Avoid reducing agents. Avoid light; may decompose into mercury and oxygen. Hazardous polymerization may not occur.

Профиль безопасности

Poison by ingestion, skin contact, intraperitoneal, and intramuscular routes. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. An FDA over-the-counter drug. Used for treating fruit trees. Flammable by chemical reactions. A powerful oxidzer. Explosive reaction with acetyl nitrate, butadene + ethanol + iodine (at 35OC), chlorine + hydrocarbons (e.g., methane, ethylene), diboron tetrafluoride, hydrogen peroxide + traces of nitric acid, reducing agents (e.g., hydrazine hydrate, phosphinic acid). Forms heator impact-sensitive explosive mixtures with nonmetals (e.g., phosphorus, sulfur), metals (e.g., magnesium, potassium, sodium-potas sium alloy). Reacts violently with hydrogen trisulfide (on ignition), hydrazine hydrate, hydrogen peroxide, hypophosphorous acid, iodine + methanol or ethanol, phospham, acetyl nitrate, S2Cl2, reductants. Incandescent reaction with phospham. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of Hg. See also MERCURY COMPOUNDS, IN ORGAN I C .

Возможный контакт

Mercuric oxide is used for wound sealing and canker treatment of fruit and rubber trees; chemical intermediate for mercury salts; organic mercury compounds; chlorine monoxide; as an antiseptic in pharmaceuticals; component of dry cell batteries; pigment and glass modifier; fungicide; preservative in cosmetics; analytical reagent; formerly used in antifouling paints

Перевозки

UN1641 Mercuric oxide, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous material

Методы очистки

Dissolve it in HClO4 and precipitate it with NaOH solution. It is yellow when cold and changes to red at ~130o reversibly. POISONOUS.

Несовместимости

A powerful oxidizer. Decomposes on exposure to light, when heated above 500C, producing highly toxic fumes including mercury and oxygen, which will add to the intensity of an existing fire. Violent reaction with combustible materials; other oxidizers; acetyl nitrate; aluminum, diboron tetrafluoride; reducing agents; phospham, hydrogen trisulfide (on ignition); hydrazine hydrate; hydrogen peroxide; hypophosphorous acid; acetyl nitrate; chlorine, hypophosphorous acid; magnesium (when heated), disulfur dichloride; alcohols, alkali metals (i.e., lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium). Forms heat- or impactsensitive explosive mixtures with sulfur, phosphorus and other nonmetals, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and other chemically active metals. Incompatible with strong bases and light