1. Mix 5.5 mol/L nitric acid with urea (100g urea, 135g nitric acid, 215g water) in a 1:1 molar ratio at 20°C for 20 minutes, then filter. 2. Mix 5.5 mol/L nitric acid with urea (100g urea, 135g nitric acid, 215g water) in a 1:1 molar ratio at 70°C for 20 minutes, then filter. 3. Dissolve 100g urea in 150mL water by stirring for 15 minutes, then add 189g nitric acid. React at 40°C for 60 minutes, then filter.
Urea nitrate, is a colorless crystal shipped with not less than 20% water by mass. It is a dangerous fire and explosion risk, and is slightly soluble in water. It decomposes at 305.6°F (152°C). The four-digit UN identification number is 1357. It is used in the manufacture of explosives and urethane.
Colorless crystals. Decomposes at
152C. Slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol.
As sensitizer for explosives; fertilizer; organic reagent; manufacture of urethane.
A crystalline compound arising from the neutralization of urea with nitric acid. Melting point 152°C. Slightly soluble in water. Soluble in alcohol. Primary hazard is blast of an instantaneous explosion, not flying projectiles or fragments.
Easily ignited. Burns very vigorously to generate toxic oxides of nitrogen. Slightly soluble in water.
UREA NITRATE is explosive when left in dry state. Wetting reduces possibility of explosion but may explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire, even when wet. Urea nitrate reacts with strong oxidizer such as perclorates and hypochlorites. With hypochlorites Urea nitrate forms a compound nitrogen trichloride which explodes spontaneously in air (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 63:3530-32). Organic nitrates may explode when shocked, exposed to heat or flame or by spontaneous chemical reaction. Urea nitrate must be stored in a cool, ventilated place, away from acute fire hazards and easily oxidized materials. Also reacts violently with Al; BP; cyanides; esters; PN2H; P; NaCN; SnCl2; sodium hypophosphite; thiocyanates. Dangerous disaster hazard due to fire and explosion hazard. On decomposition, they emit toxic fumes. They are powerful oxidizing agents which may cause violent reaction with reducing materials. Nitrates should be protected carefully in storage. (SAX and Lewis, 1987) p.664. Decomposition is catalyzed by the presence of heavy metals such as lead or iron in trace amounts [Bretherick, 1995, pg. 201]. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Decomposed with explosive evolution of gas during the evaporation of an alkaline solution. [Bretherick, 1995, p. 201].
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
MAY EXPLODE AND THROW FRAGMENTS 1600 meters (1 MILE) OR MORE IF FIRE REACHES CARGO.
A mild irritant.
Flammable when exposed to heat or flame.
The dry nitrate may explode when heated.
The presence of heavy metals (e.g., lead,
iron) catalyzes the thermal decomposition of
urea nitrate. When heated to decomposition
it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
Crystallise it from dilute HNO3 or EtOH (m 157-158o) and dry it in a vacuum over P2O5. [Beilstein 3 H 54, 3 I 25, 3 II 45, 3 III 105, 3 IV 94.]
