Methyl gallate

Methyl gallate is a phenol that has been found in Meliaceae and has diverse biological activities. It reduces adipogenic hormonal stimulation-induced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells when used at a concentration of 50 μM. Methyl gallate is active against V. cholerae in vitro (MIC = 32 μg/ml) and reduces V. cholerae-induced intestinal fluid accumulation in suckling mice when administered at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. It reduces tumor growth and decreases the number of intratumor CD25⁺Foxp3^high regulatory T cells (Tregs) in an EL-4 model of murine lymphoma. Methyl gallate (0.7, 7, and 70 mg/kg) reduces knee joint edema and leukocyte, neutrophil, and mononuclear cell infiltration in a mouse model of zymosan-induced arthritis.

Methyl gallate is a phenolic compound found in Terminalia myriocarpa and Geranium niveum. It is also found in wine.
It is the methyl ester of gallic acid.

white to slightly beige crystalline powder

Methyl gallate exhibits potent antitumor activities by inhibiting tumor infiltration of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.

Methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate exhibits potent antitumor activities by inhibiting tumor infiltration of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.

The gallate ester methyl gallate is used as an antioxidant. A ease was reported using a reprography paper.

ChEBI: Methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate is a gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent and an antioxidant.

A large number of cell and animal experiments have shown that MG has good therapeutic effects, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-microbial, anti-malarial and so on^[5].

This ester of gallic acid is used as an antioxidant agent. A case was reported by using a reprography paper.

Methyl gallate is widely found in natural plants, such as Juglans mandshurica, Galla chinensis, Paeonia anomala, Phyllanthus emblica, Mangifera indica, Plicosepalus acacia, Carica papaya Linn, and Maple (Genus Acer)^[5].

Methyl gallate [99-24-1] M 184.2, m 202o. Crystallise the gallate ester from MeOH. [Beilstein 10 IV 1998.]

[1] MISO JEON    Yong S K  Naimur Rahman. Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a distinct role in methyl gallate–mediated inhibition of adipogenesis[J]. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2016, 479 1: Pages 22-27. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.178
[2] PRASANTA K. BAG . In vivo fluid accumulation-inhibitory, anticolonization and anti-inflammatory and in vitro biofilm-inhibitory activities of methyl gallate isolated from Terminalia chebula against fluoroquinolones resistant Vibrio cholerae[J]. Microbial pathogenesis, 2019, 128: Pages 41-46. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.037
[3] HEEKYUNG LEE. Methyl gallate exhibits potent antitumor activities by inhibiting tumor infiltration of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.[J]. Journal of immunology, 2010: 6698-6705. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001373
[4] LUANA BARBOSA CORREA. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Methyl Gallate on Experimental Arthritis: Inhibition of Neutrophil Recruitment, Production of Inflammatory Mediators, and Activation of Macrophages[J]. Journal of Natural Products , 2016, 79 6: 1554-1566. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01115
[5] Liang, H., Huang, Q., Zou, L., Wei, P., Lu, J., Zhang, Y. (2023). Methyl gallate: Review of pharmacological activity. Pharmacological Research, 194, Article 106849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106849