スチボグルコン酸ナトリウム

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Warning

• 危険有害性情報

  H411：長期的影響により水生生物に毒性

• 注意書き

  P261：粉じん/煙/ガス/ミスト/蒸気/スプレーの吸入を避ける こと。

  P264：取扱い後は皮膚をよく洗うこと。

  P264：取扱い後は手や顔をよく洗うこと。

  P270：この製品を使用する時に、飲食または喫煙をしないこ と。

  P273：環境への放出を避けること。

  P301+P312：飲み込んだ場合：気分が悪い時は医師に連絡する こと。

スチボグルコン酸ナトリウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 効能

  抗原虫薬

• 説明

  Sodium stibogluconate is a pentavalent antimony derivative that is highly active against Leishmania amastigotes in macrophages. Sodium stibogluconate has diverse effects on both this intracellular parasite and its host cell.

• 使用

  Sodium stibogluconate is a pentavalent antimony derivative that is highly active against Leishmania amastigotes in macrophages. Sodium stibogluconate has diverse effects on both this intracellular parasite and its host cell.

• 抗菌性

  It has low activity against the extracellular promastigote stage of Leishmania spp. in vitro, but is active against amastigotes in macrophages. The trivalent form is considered to be the toxophore, with metabolism of Sb^V to toxic Sb^III in the host cell macrophage and the parasite; the level of metabolism is higher in amastigotes than promastigotes. Variation in the sensitivity of different Leishmania species may contribute to differences in clinical response. It is more active against visceral than cutaneous leishmaniasis in animal models. Sodium stibogluconate cures CNS infections with T. brucei in rodents.

• 獲得抵抗性

  Unresponsiveness and relapse of L. donovani infections in Bihar State, India (over 60% of cases), is due to increasing acquired resistance. In laboratory-generated and clinical isolates, resistant Leishmania promastigotes show increased levels of intracellular thiols, for example trypanothione, to which Sb^III is conjugated and extruded by efflux pumps.
  Lack of response is also reported in patients with mucosal leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis. Relapse is common in patients with visceral leishmaniasis who are immunosuppressed, for example by HIV infection, but this is due to pathogen interaction and the immune dependence of drug activity and not acquired resistance. High mortality has been reported in treatment of these co-infection cases.

• 応用例（製薬）

  A pentavalent antimonial of uncertain chemical composition; probably a complex mixture of polymeric forms. There is batchto- batch variation and solutions may contain 32–34% pentavalent antimony (Sb^V). The structural formula is conjectural as studies have identified a mixture of non-complexed Sb^V and large polymeric gluconate complexes. Chemical composition also depends on concentration and time. It is freely soluble in water.

• 薬物動態学

  Peak concentrations of about 12–15 mg antimony/L are achieved in serum 1 h after a dose of 10 mg/kg. There is a slow accumulation in the central compartment, and tissue concentrations reach a maximum after several days. In contrast to trivalent derivatives, pentavalent antimonials are not accumulated by erythrocytes, but there is evidence of protein binding. Antimony is detected in the skin for at least 5 days after treatment. Some of the dose of Sb^V is converted to Sb^III, possibly by the liver or by macrophages. It is rapidly excreted into urine with a half-life of about 2 h; 60–80% of the dose appears in the urine within 6 h of parenteral administration. In a study on structurally related meglumine antimonate the pharmacokinetics of Sb^V and SbIII were similar as measured by serum and urine levels.

• 臨床応用

  Sodium antimony gluconate (Pentostam) is a pentavalent antimonialcompound intended primarily for the treatment ofvarious forms of leishmaniasis. It is available from the CDCas the disodium salt, which is chemically stable and freelysoluble in water. The 10% aqueous solution used for eitherintramuscular or intravenous injection has a pH of approximately5.5. Like all antimonial drugs, this drug has a lowtherapeutic index, and patients undergoing therapy with itshould be monitored carefully for signs of heavy metal poisoning.Other organic antimonial compounds are used primarilyfor the treatment of schistosomiasis and other flukes.The antileishmanial action of sodium stibogluconate requiresits reduction to the trivalent form, which is believedto inhibit phosphofructokinase in the parasite.

• 副作用

  The toxic effects are limited by the rapid excretion, but cumulative toxicity increases in proportion to dose. Myalgia, arthralgia, anorexia and electrocardiographic changes have been reported with high-dose regimens. In particular, development of ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with prolongation of the QT interval has been recorded. Hepatocellular damage, hepatic and renal functional impairment and pancreatitis have also been reported. The changes are reversible on discontinuation of treatment.

• 安全性プロファイル

  Poison by intraperitoneal route. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Sb.

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