3-Chlorpropen

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Achtung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H225：Flüssigkeit und Dampf leicht entzündbar.

  H315：Verursacht Hautreizungen.

  H319：Verursacht schwere Augenreizung.

  H341：Kann vermutlich genetische Defekte verursachen.

  H351：Kann vermutlich Krebs verursachen.

  H371：Kann die Organe schädigen.

  H372：Schädigt bei Hautkontakt und Verschlucken die Organe bei längerer oder wiederholter Exposition.

  H400：Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen.

• Sicherheit

  P210：Von Hitze, heißen Oberflächen, Funken, offenen Flammen und anderen Zündquellenarten fernhalten. Nicht rauchen.

  P273：Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden.

  P280：Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.

  P303+P361+P353：BEI BERÜHRUNG MIT DER HAUT (oder dem Haar): Alle kontaminierten Kleidungsstücke sofort ausziehen. Haut mit Wasser abwaschen oder duschen.

Allyl chloride Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

  FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT STECHENDEM GERUCH.

• PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN

  Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft und können sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung möglich.

• CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

  Polymerisiert unter Einfluss von Säuren, Hitzeund Peroxiden unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Beim Verbrennen Bildung giftiger und ätzender Rauche (Chlorwasserstoff,s. ICSC 0163). Reagiert sehr heftig mit starken Oxidationsmitteln und Metallpulver unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Reagiert mit Wasser unter Bildung von Salzsäure. Greift Kunststoff, Gummi und Beschichtungen an.

• ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

  TLV: 1 ppm (als TWA); 2 ppm (als STEL); Krebskategorie A3 (bestätigte krebserzeugende Wirkung beim Tier mit unbekannter Bedeutung für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
  MAK: Hautresorption; Krebserzeugend Kategorie 3B; (DFG 2005).
  

• AUFNAHMEWEGE

  Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.

• INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

  Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann sehr schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.

• WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

  WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
  Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem. Inhalation von Dampf in hohen Konzentrationen kann zu Lungenödem führen (s.Anm.). Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verzögert ein.

• WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

  Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das periphere Nervensystem, das Herz-Kreislauf-System, Nierenund Leber mit nachfolgenden Nieren-und Leberschäden.

• LECKAGE

  Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abgedeckten Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Vollschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät.

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R45:Kann Krebs erzeugen.
  R46:Kann vererbbare Schäden verursachen.
  R11:Leichtentzündlich.
  R20/21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
  R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
  R48/20:Gesundheitsschädlich: Gefahr ernster Gesundheitsschäden bei längerer Exposition durch Einatmen.
  R50:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen.
  R68:Irreversibler Schaden möglich.
  R40:Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung.
  R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
  R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
  S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
  S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
  S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
  S46:Bei Verschlucken sofort ärztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder Etikett vorzeigen.
  S25:Berührung mit den Augen vermeiden.
  S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
  S7:Behälter dicht geschlossen halten.

• Aussehen Eigenschaften

  Allylchlorid. Farblose bis rötliche Flüssigkeit mit stechendem Geruch. In Wasser unlöslich; in Alkohol löslich.

• Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt

  Leichtentzündlich. Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft und bilden mit Luft explosionsfähige Gemische. Mit Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallen, sowie starken Oxidationsmitteln sind heftige Reaktionen zu erwarten.
  Hochgiftige Flüssigkeit, die auf allen Wegen resorbiert werden kann. Bei Geruchswahrnehmung kann der Stoff schon in gesundheitsgefährdender Konzentration vorliegen. Stark Haut- und Schleimhautreizend. Narkotische Wirkung. Herz-, Kreislauf-, Leber- und Nierenschäden, sowie Lungenödem sind möglich. Gleichzeitiger oder nachfolgender Genuß von Alkohol und fetten Speisen kann die Giftwirkung steigern.
  Wassergefährdender Stoff (WGK 2).

• Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln

  Im Abzug arbeiten. Von Zündquellen fernhalten. Maßnahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladung treffen. Geschlossene Apparaturen verwenden.
  Schutzhandschuhe aus Latex oder Neopren nur als kurzzeitigen Spritzschutz verwenden.
  Nach Arbeitsende und vor jeder pause Hände gründlich reinigen.

• Verhalten im Gefahrfall

  Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit mit Universalbinder aufnehmen.
  CO2-, Pulverlöscher oder Wasser (Sprühstrahl). Behälter und Umgebung mit Sprühwasser kühlen. Berst und Explosionsgefahr. Es entsteht stark ätzendes Chlorwasserstoffgas.

• Erste Hilfe

  Nach Hautkontakt: Gründlich mit Wasser und Seife reinigen.
  Nach Augenkontakt: Mit viel Wasser mindestens 10 Min. spülen. Arzt.
  Nach Einatmen: Frischluft, Ruhe, Wärme, Atemwegefreihalten. Arzt!
  Nach Verschlucken: Kein Erbrechen herbeiführen. Bei Bewußtsein in kleinen Schlucken Wasser trinken lassen. Gabe von medizinischem Kohlepulver
  Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung sofort entfernen.
  Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag

• Sachgerechte Entsorgung

  Als Sondermüll entsorgen.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  colourless, light yellow or amber liquid with an unpleasant smell

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Allyl chloride is a highly reactive and flammable, colorless, brown or purple liquid, with an unpleasant, pungent odor.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Allyl chloride is a colorless liquid, insoluble in water but soluble in common organic solvents. Allyl chloride is prepared by the reaction of propylene with chlorine. It is a common alkylating agent relevant to the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and pesticides. It is also a component in some thermo-setting resins. Allyl chloride has been produced commercially since 1945 and is used almost exclusively as a chemical intermediate, principally in the production of epichlorohydrin or as a raw material for epichlorohydrin. It is also used as a chemical intermediate in the preparation of glycerin, glycerol chlorohydrins, glycidyl ethers, allylamines, and allyl ethers of trimethylpropane, sodium allyl sulfonate, a series of allyl amines and quaternary ammonium salts, allyl ethers, and a variety of alcohols, phenols, and polyols. It is also used in pharmaceuticals as a raw material for the production of allyl isothiocyanate (synthetic mustard oil), allyl substituted barbiturates (sedatives), and cyclopropane (anesthetic); in the manufacture of specialty resins for water treatment and to produce babiturate and hypnotic agents such as aprobarbital, butalbital, methohexital sodium, secobarbital, talbutal, and thiamyl sodium.

• Physikalische Eigenschaften

  Colorless to light brown to reddish-brown liquid with a pungent, unpleasant, garlic-like odor. An experimentally determined odor threshold concentration of 470 ppb_v was reported by Leonardos et al. (1969).

• History

  Allyl chloride, the only chloropropene of industrial importance, was first produced in 1857 by A. CAHOURS and A. W. HOFMANN by reacting phosphorus chloride with allyl alcohol. The name allyl is derived from the latin allium, meaning garlic. Inhalation of even small amounts of allyl chloride produces, after a short time, the characteristic odor of garlic on the breath. At the end of the 1930s, IG Farbenindustrie and the Shell Development Co. developed the high-temperature chlorination of propene, permitting large-scale production of allyl chloride with good yields. A significant part of the development was done by the Shell Chemical Co. when erecting a commercial plant in 1945. Dow, Solvay, and Asahi-Kashima developed their own processes.
  

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  1.Reactions of the Double Bond
  The reaction of allyl chloride with oxygen in the liquid phase at ca. 120 ℃ and in the presence of metal acetates or hydrogen peroxide yields glycerol monochlorohydrin. Halogens add readily to the double bond yielding the corresponding trihalogeno compounds. The reaction with hypochlorous acid, yielding 2,3- and 1,3-glycerol dichlorohydrins (which are then dehydrochlorinated with alkali to give epichlorohydrin), is of great industrial importance. Allyl chloride reacts with hydrogen halides to form 1,2-dihalogeno compounds. In the presence of peroxides, the reaction with hydrobromic acid yields 1-bromo-3chloropropane (Kharasch effect), but in highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution, 1,2-dibromo- 3-chloropropane is formed. Addition reactions of silanes, boranes, carboranes, and phosphorus trichloride, as well as cycloadditions of allyl cations with alkenes, are known. Allyl chloride polymerizes with sulfur dioxide to form polysulfones.
  2.Reactions of the Chlorine Atom
  Recently, Allyl alcohol is produced increasingly by the isomerization of propene oxide. The chlorine atom is replaced easily by iodide, cyanide, isothiocyanate, sulfide, polysulfides (giving rubber-like condensation products), and alkyl thiols. The salts of carboxylic acids yield allyl esters (e.g., diallyl phthalate), which are easily polymerized to allyl resins or are copolymerized with other monomers. Sodium allyl sulfonate is obtained on reaction with sodium sulfite. The reaction of allyl chloride with ammonia yields a mixture of mono-, di-, and triallylamines, and the reaction with primary and secondary amines makes the corresponding alkylallylamines. Phase-transfer-catalyzed carbonylation (e.g., with Ni(CO)4 or (Me4N)2 [Ni6(CO)12]) in the presence of sodium hydroxide leads to the sodium salt of vinylacetic acid. In the presence of alkalis, allyl chloride reacts with polyols to form the corresponding allyl ethers.

• Verwenden

  Manufacture of epichlorohydrin, epoxy resin, glycerin pesticides, and sodium allyl sulfonate

• Verwenden

  Allyl chloride is used in the synthesis of glycerol, allyl alcohol and epichlorohydrin.

• Verwenden

  Allyl chloride (3-chloropropene; 1-chloro-2-propene) is a chemical intermediate used in the synthesis of allyl compounds found in varnish, resins, polymers, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals (O’Neil, 2001).

• Vorbereitung Methode

  Allyl chloride can be synthesized by reaction of allyl alcohol with HCl or by treatment of allyl formate with HCl in the presence of a catalyst (ZnCl2).

• Definition

  ChEBI: Allyl chloride is an organochlorine compound.

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  A clear colorless liquid with an unpleasant pungent odor. Flash point -20°F. Boiling point 113°F. Less dense than water (7.8 lb / gal) and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapor irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Vapors are heavier than air. Long exposure to low concentrations or short exposure to high concentrations may have adverse health effects from inhalation or skin absorption.

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  Allyl chloride presents a serious fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat, flame or oxidizing agents. Polymerizes violently and exothermically with Lewis acids (aluminum chloride, boron trifluoride, sulfuric acid) or metals (aluminum, magnesium, zinc, or galvanized metal) [MCA SD-99, 1973]. Incompatible with acids (nitric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum), with strong bases (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide), with ethyleneimine and ethylenediamine [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 36]. Attempts to alkylate benzene or toluene using Allyl chloride in the presence of ethylaluminum chlorides have led to explosions.

• Hazard

  Skin and eye irritant. Upper respiratory tract irritant, liver and kidney damage. Question- able carcinogen.

• Health Hazard

  Causes marked irritation of skin and may burn. Burns the eyes; effect may be delayed.

• Health Hazard

  Allyl chloride is toxic and flammable. Exposures to allyl chloride cause a cough, sore throat, headache, dizziness, weakness, respiratory distress, abdominal pain, burning sensation, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. After acute inhalation exposures to high levels of allyl chloride, workers developed irritation of the eyes and respiratory passages, loss of consciousness, and fatal injury. Prolonged and intense exposure produced conjunctivitis, reddening of eyelids, and corneal burn, damage to the CNS, causing motor and sensory neurotoxic damage, and the heart and respiratory system, causing the onset of pulmonary edema in humans. Laboratory rabbits exposed to allyl chloride through inhalation developed degenerative changes that included dilation of sinusoids and vacuolar degeneration in the liver, congestion or cloudy swelling and fatty degeneration of the epithelium of the renal convoluted tubules, and thickening of the alveolar septa in the lungs. The exposed cat exhibited only muscle weakness and unsteady gait toward the end of the exposure period.

• Brandgefahr

  Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Releases irritating hydrogen chloride gas on combustion

• Flammability and Explosibility

  Highly flammable

• Toxikologie

  Acute and Subacute Toxicity: LD50=460 mg/kg (rat, oral); LD50= 3.7 mg/kg (rabbit, percutaneous); LC50= 11 mg/L (rat, inhalation, 2 h). The inhalation of 3 ppm allyl chloride during 7 h/d on 5 days a week was tolerated by a group of rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits for 180 days without irreversible damage occurring. An analogous test using 8 ppm over a period of 35 days led to damage of the liver and kidneys. Further experiments demonstrate a neurotoxic effect of allyl chloride, in particular to the peripheral nerves of cats and rabbits.
  

• Sicherheitsprofil

  Suspected carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Poison by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. A skin and eye irritant. Human mutation data reported. Chronic exposure may cause liver and lildney damage. The vapors of allyl chloride are quite irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat. Contact of the liquid with the skin may lead, in addition to local vasoconstriction and numbness, to rapid absorption and distribution through the body. If remedial measures are not taken promptly, such contact may result in burns and internal injuries. Inhalation may cause headache, dizziness, and in htgh concentration, loss of consciousness; however, even in low concentration, its odor in most cases is irritating enough to give warning of its presence. Concentration of the vapors high enough to cause serious effects, includlng damage to the lungs, especially on repeated exposure, may not be intolerable. Consequently, the warning characteristics should never be disregarded. In general, precautions should be taken AT ALL TIMES to avoid splllage and accumulation of noticeable concentration of the vapors in the atmosphere. Acute exposure in experimental animals has resulted in marked inflammation of lungs, irritation of skin, and swelling of the hdneys. Chronically exposed animals have shown degenerative changes in the liver and kidneys. Reported human exposures have been principally cases of irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, sometimes accompanied by aches and pains in the bones. Liver and hdney injury is possible. Dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidlzers. Vigorous or explosive reaction above -7O℃ with alkyl aluminum chlorides (e.g., trichlorotriethyl dialuminum, ethyl aluminum dichloride, or diethyl aluminum chloride) + aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene or toluene). Violently exothermic polymerization reaction with Lewis acids (e.g., aluminum chloride, boron trifluoride, or sulfuric acid) and metals (e.g., aluminum, magnesium, zinc, or galvanized metals). Incompatible with HNO3, ethylene imine, ethylenedlamine, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, NaOH. To fight fire, use CO2, alcohol foam, dry chemical. See also CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; ALIPHATIC; ALLYL COMPOUNDS; and CHLORIDES. Storage and Handling: Keep cool, away from heat sources. Maintain good vendation. Work in a fume hood or with closed system if possible; otherwise, use adequate vendation so that the odor of allyl chloride does not persist. If it should be necessary to enter an area in which the odor of allyl chloride is at all noticeable, use a gas mask equipped with an “organic vapor” canister. Do not dlsregard the warning odor or eye irritation of allyl chloride

• mögliche Exposition

  Allyl chloride is used as a chemical intermediate and in making allyl compounds, epichlorohydrin, and glycerol.

• Carcinogenicity

  The IARC found that it could not classify AC as a human carcinogen on the basis of available data. In contrast, EPA considers AC to be a possible human carcinogen and has ranked it in EPA’s Group C. This classification was based on a low incidence of forestomach tumors in female mice and positive results in a variety of genetic toxicity tests. However, the forestomach tumor data were not used for quantitative cancer risk assessment. AC is a strong alkylating agent and is structurally similar to other forestomach carcinogens, such as propylene oxide and epichlorohydrin, which cause tumors at the site of exposure.
  Olsen reported on a cohort of 1064 men employed at a Texas plant in epoxy resin, glycerin, andAC/epichlorohydrin production between 1957 and 1986 and followed up through 1989. There were 66 total deaths [standardized mortality ratio (SMR)=0.8; 95% CI 0.6–1.0] and 10 cancers (SMR=0.5; CI 0.2–0.9).However, the authors noted that the cohort was limited due to sample size, duration of follow-up, small numbers of deaths both expected and found, and the limited exposure potential.

• Environmental Fate

  Biological. Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 0.23 and 0.86 g/g using filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined using a standard dilution method at 20 °C and stirred for a period of 5 d. When a sewage seed was used in a separate screening test, a BOD value of 0.42 g/g was obtained. The ThOD for allyl chloride is 1.67 g/g.
  Photolytic. Anticipated products from the reaction of allyl chloride with ozone or OH radicals in the atmosphere are formaldehyde, formic acid, chloroacetaldehyde, chloroacetic acid, and chlorinated hydroxy carbonyls (Cupitt, 1980).
  Chemical/Physical. Hydrolysis under alkaline conditions will yield allyl alcohol (Hawley, 1981). The estimated hydrolysis half-life in water at 25 °C and pH 7 is 2.0 yr (Mabey and Mill, 1978).

• Lager

  Pure, dry allyl chloride (water content2 200 mg/kg) does not corrode iron and can be stored in ferrous containers for months at ambient temperatures without significant changes in quality. Lined vessels should be used if traces of iron chlorides are objectionable. Unwanted coloration can be prevented by the addition of a suitable stabilizer (e.g., propene oxide).
  

• Versand/Shipping

  UN1100 Allyl chloride, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, 6.1-Poisonous materials

• läuterung methode

  Likely impurities include 2-chloropropene, propyl chloride, iso-propyl chloride, 3,3-dichloropropane, 1,2-dichloropropane and 1,3-dichloropropane. Purify it by washing with conc HCl, then with Na2CO3 solution, dry it with CaCl2, and distil it through an efficient column [Oae & Vanderwerf J Am Chem Soc 75 2724 1953]. [Beilstein 1 IV 738.] LACHRYMATORY, TOXIC.

• Inkompatibilitäten

  Contact with water forms hydrochloric acid. Keep away from strong oxidizers, acids, aluminum, amines, peroxides, chlorides of iron and aluminum; magnesium, zinc.

• Waste disposal

  Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Controlled incineration at a temperature of 982 C for 2 seconds minimum.

Allyl chloride Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

3-Chlorpropen Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

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