Aluminiumhydroxid

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Warnung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H315：Verursacht Hautreizungen.

  H319：Verursacht schwere Augenreizung.

  H335：Kann die Atemwege reizen.

• Sicherheit

  P261：Einatmen von Staub vermeiden.

  P304+P340：BEI EINATMEN: Die Person an die frische Luft bringen und für ungehinderte Atmung sorgen.

  P305+P351+P338：BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.

  P405：Unter Verschluss aufbewahren.

Aluminum hydroxide Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

  GERUCHLOSER WEISSER FESTSTOFF IN VERSCHIEDENEN FORMEN.

• ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

  TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
  MAK: 1,5 mg/m?(Alveolengängige Fraktion); 4 mg/m?(Einatembare Fraktion) Schwangerschaft: Gruppe D (DFG 2006).
  

• AUFNAHMEWEGE

  Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation.

• INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

  Verdampfen bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine belästigende Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch schnell erreicht werden.

• LECKAGE

  Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen.

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R36:Reizt die Augen.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
  S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.

• Beschreibung

  Aluminum hydroxide, insoluble in water, soluble in dilute mineral acids and alkali hydroxides (4 % suspension in water), white, amorphous powder. For other relevant properties and production, see→Aluminum Oxide, Chap. 1.1. Available as Al(OH)3·nH2O (algedrate) and algedrate hexitol complex.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)3, also known as aluminum trihydroxide, aluminum trihydrate, aluminum hydrate, hydrated alumina, and hydrated aluminum oxide, is a white to whitish-yellow water-insoluble powder with a specific gravity of 2.42. Aluminum hydroxide is used as a baseforpigments, as a water repellent in textile coatings, and as an antacid in medicine. Aluminum hydroxide is soluble in hydrochloric or sulfuric acids or in sodiumhydroxide.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant is a white hydrogel that sediments slowly and forms a clear supernatant.

• Verwenden

  As absorbent, in chromatography, manufacturing of glass, paper, inks, ceramics, lubricants, cosmeticsAluminum hydroxide is used as a desiccant powder, filler in paper, plastics, rubber and cosmetics. It is used as a smoke suppressant and mordant dye. It is also used in drugs as antacid and antihyperphosphatemic. It is also used as a Claus catalyst support for waterproof fabrics. It is an important starting material for the preparation of other aluminum compounds, calcined alumina, aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride, zeolites, sodium aluminate, activated alumina and aluminum nitrate. In addition, it is used as a fire retardant.

• Verwenden

  Mainly used as an Active medicament in an Antacid Formulations, also used in manufacturing of Lake Colors, Inks, glass, effluent treatment, and fire retardants.

• Verwenden

  aluminum hydroxide is an inorganic compound used to make a product less transparent. It is also used by formulators as a humectant, and to soften, smooth, and protect the skin. In addition it helps control product viscosity. often found in facial masks and make-up preparations.

• Vorbereitung Methode

  Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant is prepared by the precipitation of a soluble aluminum salt by an alkali hydroxide, or the precipitation of an alkali aluminate by acid.

• Definition

  aluminium hydroxide: A white crystalline compound, Al(OH)₃; r.d. 2.42-2.52. The compound occurs naturally as the mineral gibbsite (monoclinic). In the laboratory it can be prepared by precipitation from solutions of aluminium salts. Such solutions contain the hexaquoaluminium( III) ion with six water molecules coordinated, [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺. In neutral solution this ionizes:
  [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺→H⁺ + [Al(H₂O)₅OH]²⁺
  The presence of a weak base such as S^2- or CO₃^2- (by bubbling hydrogen sulphide or carbon dioxide through the solution) causes further ionization with precipitation of aluminium hydroxide
  [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺_(aq) → Al(H₂O)₃(OH)_3(s) + 3H⁺_(aq)
  The substance contains coordinated water molecules and is more correctly termed hydrated aluminium hydroxide. In addition, the precipitate has water molecules trapped in it and has a characteristic gelatinous form. The substance is amphoteric. In strong bases the aluminate ion is produced by loss of a further proton:
  Al(H₂O)₃(OH)_3(s) + OH^-_(aq)→
  [Al(H₂O)₂(OH)₄]^-_(aq) + H₂O_(l)
  On heating, the hydroxide transforms to a mixed oxide hydroxide, AlO.OH (rhombic; r.d. 3.01). This substance occurs naturally as diaspore and boehmite. Above 450℃ it transforms to γ-alumina.
  In practice various substances can be produced that are mixed crystalline forms of Al(OH)₃, AlO.OH, and aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) with water molecules. These are known as hydrated alumina. Heating the hydrated hydroxide causes loss of water, and produces various activated aluminas, which differ in porosity, number of remaining -OH groups, and particle size. These are used as catalysts (particularly for organic dehydration reactions), as catalyst supports, and in chromatography. Gelatinous freshly precipitated aluminium hydroxide was formerly widely used as a mordant for dyeing and calico printing because of its ability to form insoluble coloured lakes with vegetable dyes.

• Trademarks

  Amphojel (Wyeth-Ayerst); Dialume (Rhone-Poulenc Rorer).

• Flammability and Explosibility

  Non flammable

• Pharmazeutische Anwendungen

  Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant is used in parenteral human and veterinary vaccines.It activates Th2 immune responses, including IgG and IgE antibody responses. It is also used for the isolation of certain serum components such as blood clotting factors.

• Pharmazeutische Anwendungen

  Aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)₃) has several medical applications. It is used as an antacid for treating heartburn as well as acid indigestion (reflux oesophagitis). It is also known to have healing properties of peptic ulcers. In patients suffering from kidney failure, who show elevated serum phosphate levels (hyperphosphataemia), Al(OH)₃ is used as a phosphate binder.
  Al(OH)₃ is an amphoteric compound , which means it can react as a base or as an acid. In its application as an anti-acid, Al(OH)₃ reacts with any excess stomach acid (mainly HCl) with the formation of AlCl₃ and water .
  Al(OH)₃ + 3HCl → AlCl₃ + 3H₂O
  Al(OH)₃ is known to cause constipation, so formulations of anti-acids often include a combination with Mg²⁺ antacids. Usually, oral antifoaming agents, such as simethicone, are added in order to reduce bloating and discomfort/pain.

• Clinical Use

  
  Phosphate binding agent
  Antacid

• Sicherheitsprofil

  Poison by intraperitoneal route. Human systemic effects by ingestion: fever, osteomalacia, and gastrointestinal effects. When coprecipitated with bismuth hydroxide and reduced by H2, it is violently flammable in air. Incompatible with chlorinated rubber.

• Sicherheit(Safety)

  Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant is intended for use in parenteral vaccines and is generally regarded as nontoxic. It may cause mild irritation, dryness, and dermatitis on skin contact. On eye contact, aluminum hydroxide adjuvant may also cause redness, conjunctivitis, and short-term mild irritation. Ingestion of large amounts may cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Inhalation of the dried product may cause respiratory irritation and cough. Type I hypersensitivity reactions following parenteral administration have been reported.

• Veterinary Drugs and Treatments

  Orally administered aluminum hydroxide is used to reduce hyperphosphatemia in patients with renal failure.

• Arzneimittelwechselwirkung

  Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
  Cytotoxics: concentration of dasatinib and erlotinib possibly reduced - give at least 4 hours before or 2 hours after erlotinib.

• Stoffwechsel

  Aluminum hydroxide or oxide is slowly solubilised in the stomach and reacts with hydrochloric acid to form aluminium chloride and water. In addition to forming aluminium chloride, dihydroxyaluminium sodium carbonate and aluminium carbonate form carbon dioxide, and aluminium phosphate forms phosphoric acid. About 17-30% of the aluminium chloride formed is absorbed and is rapidly excreted by the kidneys in patients with normal renal function. Aluminium-containing antacids also combine with dietary phosphate in the intestine forming insoluble, nonabsorbable aluminium phosphate which is excreted in the faeces.

• Lager

  Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant is stable for at least 2 years when stored at 4–308℃ in well-sealed inert containers. It must not be allowed to freeze as the hydrated colloid structure will be irreversibly damaged.

• Inkompatibilitäten

  When exposed to phosphate, carbonate, sulfate, or borate anions, the point of zero charge for aluminum hydroxide adjuvant decreases.

• Regulatory Status

  GRAS listed. Accepted for use in human and veterinary parenteral vaccines in Europe and the USA. The limits for use in human vaccines are 0.85 mg aluminum/dose (FDA) and 1.25 mg aluminum/ dose (WHO). There are no established limits for use in veterinary vaccines. Reported in the EPA TSCA Inventory.

Aluminum hydroxide Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Aluminiumhydroxid Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

Global(617)Suppliers

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