Adapalene

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Warnung

• Sicherheit

  P201：Vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.

  P202：Vor Gebrauch alle Sicherheitshinweise lesen und verstehen.

  P280：Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.

  P308+P313：BEI Exposition oder falls betroffen: Ärztlichen Rat einholen/ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.

  P405：Unter Verschluss aufbewahren.

  P501：Inhalt/Behälter ... (Entsorgungsvorschriften vom Hersteller anzugeben) zuführen.

Adapalene Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• Beschreibung

  Adapalene is a synthetic retinoid and an agonist of retinoic acid receptors (RARs; K_ds = 1,100, 34, and 130 nM for RARα, RARβ, and RARγ, respectively). It inhibits growth and differentiation of sebocytes in a concentration-dependent manner in primary rat preputial cell culture. Adapalene (10 μM) completely inhibits the activity of soybean 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) in an enzyme assay and inhibits the 5- and 15-LOX pathways in human blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). It reduces the protein levels of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and IL-10 in skin explants isolated from patients with acne and healthy controls in a concentration-dependent manner but increases the expression of the antigen-presenting protein CD1d in acne skin explants while decreasing it in control explants. It inhibits inflammation in rodent models of ear edema induced by arachidonic acid and carrageenan-induced paw edema. Adapalene (100 μM) also induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of CC-531, HT-29, and LoVo colon cancer cells and reduces tumor growth in a DLD-1 colon cancer nude mouse xenograft model in a dose-dependent manner. Formulations containing adapalene have been used in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  White Crystalline Solid

• Originator

  Adaferin ,Laboratoires Galderma ,France

• Verwenden

  inhibits serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake antidepressant antimigraine therapeutic

• Verwenden

  Retinoid selective for retinoic acid receptor (RAR) subtypes β and γ. Antiacne.

• Verwenden

  anesthetic

• Verwenden

  Adapalene has been used as a retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist to study its effects on inhibiting transcription of hepatitis B virus in covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). It has also been used as a component to culture mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) to study its effects on isolated macrophages.

• Verwenden

  Acnetreatment

• Indications

  Adapalene (Differin) is a polyaromatic retinoidlike compound that binds to specific retinoic acid nuclear receptors and is thought to normalize the differentiation of keratinocytes in the sebaceous acroinfundibulum. Adapelene is indicated for topical treatment of acne. Minor local irritation is a common, usually tolerable side effect. In contrast to other drugs of the retinoid group, adapalene has not been shown to be teratogenic in rodents. However, since adequate human studies are lacking, its use in pregnant women should be discouraged until further information is available.

• Definition

  ChEBI: A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether.

• Manufacturing Process

  Preparation of 6-(3-(1-adamantyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-naphthoic acid consist of 4 steps.
  1. 2-(1-Adamantyl)-4-bromophenol.
  34.6 g (200 mmol) of p-bromophenol and 30.4 g (200 mmol) of 1- adamantanol are dissolved in 100 ml of dichloromethane. To the resulting solution there are slowly added 10 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid. The mixture is stirred for 8 hours at ambient temperature, poured into water, neutralized with sodium bicarbonate, extracted with methylehe chloride, dried and evaporated. After recrystallization in isooctane 52.8 g of the expected product are obtained. Yield - 86%. MP: 140°-141°C. 2. 2-(1-Adamantyl)-4-bromoanisole.
  To suspension of sodium hydride (80% in oil, 4.32 g, 144 mmol) in 50 ml of THF, there are slowly added while maintaining the temperature at 20°C, 36.8 g (120 mmol) of 2-(1-adamantyl)-4-bromophenol. The mixture is stirred for 1 hour at ambient temperature at which point 9 ml of methyl iodide are added. The mixture is then stirred for 2 hours at 20°C, poured into water, extracted with ether, dried and evaporated. The product is purified by passage through a silica column (10x30), eluting with a mixture of hexane (90%) and dichloromethane (10%). On evaporation, 26.2 g of a white solid are obtained. Yield - 68%. MP: 138°-139°C.
  3. Methyl ester of 6-(3-(1-adamantyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-naphthoic acid.
  To a suspension of magnesium (1.64 g, 67.5 mmol in 30 ml of THF, there is added a solution of 1.4 g (4.5 mmol) of 2-(1-adamantyl)-4-bromoanisole and 0.39 ml of dibromoethane in 10 ml of THF. The mixture is stirred until the reaction is initiated and then there is slowly added a solution of (40.8 mmol) of 2-(1-adamantyl)-4-bromoanisole in 90 ml of THF. The mixture is refluxed for 2 hours, and then cooled to 20°C. After that 6.2 g (45 mmol) of anhydrous ZnCl2 are added. The mixture is stirred for 1 hour at 20°C at which point 7.95 g (30 mmol) of methyl 6-bromo-2-naphthoate are added followed by addition of 300 g of NiCl2/1,2-(diphenylphosphino)ethane-complex as the catalyst. The mixture is stirred again for 2 hours at 20°C, poured into water, extracted with CH2Cl2 dried and evaporated. The product is isolated by column chromatography, eluting with a mixture of heptane (70%) and dichloromethane (30%) and then recrystallized in ethyl acetate. 12.2 g of the expected product are obtained. Yield - 78%. MP: 222°-223°C.
  4. 6-(3-(1-Adamantyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-naphthoic acid.
  10.5 g of the ester obtained above (step 3) are treated with a solution of soda in methanol (200 ml, 4.2 N). The mixture is heated at reflux for 48 hours. The solvents are evaporated and the resulting residue is taken up in water and acidified with concentrated HCl. The solid is filtered and dried under vacuum over phosphoric anhydride. The resulting white solid is recrystallized in a mixture of THF and ethyl acetate. 8.2 g of expected product are obtained. Yield - 81%. MP: 325°-327°C.

• Trademarks

  Differin (Galderma).

• Therapeutic Function

  Antiacne

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  Adapalene is a third-generation synthetic retinoid and a highly lipophilic compound derived from naphthoic acid. It is widely used in the treatment of acne.

• Biologische Aktivität

  Retinoic acid analog that is a RAR β and RAR γ agonist (AC 50 values are 2.2, 9.3, 22 and > 1000 nM for RAR β , RAR γ , RAR α and RXR α receptors respectively). Inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell in vitro . Displays comedolytic activity.

• Biochem/physiol Actions

  Retinoic acid analogue that is a RARβ and RARγ agonist (AC50 values are 2.2, 9.3, 22 and > 1000 nM for RARβ, RARγ, RARα and RXRα receptors respectively). Inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells in vitro. Displays comedolytic activity. Its unique pharmacological properties make it superior to other retinoids for the treatment of acne.

• Lager

  Store at +4°C

• Structure and conformation

  Retinoid-like compound that binds to retinoic acid nuclear receptors, but not to cytoplasmic receptor proteins.

• Einzelnachweise

  1) Michel et al. (1998), Pharmacology of Adapalene; Br. J. Dermatol., 139 Suppl. 52 3 2) Ocker et al. (2003), The synthetic retinoid adapalene inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells on vitro; Int. J. Cancer, 107 453 3) Milikan et al. (2000), Adapalene: an update on newer comparative studies between the various retinoids; Int. J. Dermatol., 39 784 4) Bernard et al. (1993), Adapalene, a new chemical entity with retinoid activity; Skin Pharmacol., 6 61

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