Sulfalen

Bezeichnung:Sulfalen

CAS-Nr152-47-6

Englisch Name:Sulfalen

CBNumberCB3725126

SummenformelC11H12N4O3S

Molgewicht280.3

MOL-Datei152-47-6.mol

Synonyma

Sulfalen

Sulfalen physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt	176°
Siedepunkt	488.6±55.0 °C(Predicted)
Dichte	1.3936 (rough estimate)
Brechungsindex	1.6200 (estimate)
storage temp.	Keep in dark place,Inert atmosphere,Room temperature
Löslichkeit	DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly, heated)
Aggregatzustand	Solid
pka	pKa 6.20(H2O t = 25.0±0.5 I = 0.2) (Uncertain)
Farbe	White to Yellow
maximale Wellenlänge (λmax)	250nm(NaOH aq.)(lit.)
Merck	14,8910
CAS Datenbank	152-47-6(CAS DataBase Reference)

Sicherheit

RTECS-Nr.	WP0175000
HS Code	2935.90.9500
HazardClass	IRRITANT
Toxizität	LD50 in mice (g/kg): 2.164 orally; 1.41 i.v. (US 3098069)

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

Sulfalen Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

Chemische Eigenschaften
White to Yellow Solid
Originator
Longum,Farmitalia,W. Germany,1962
Verwenden
A possible antimalarial drug.
Definition
ChEBI: Sulfamethopyrazine is a member of pyrazines, a sulfonamide and a sulfonamide antibiotic.
Manufacturing Process
2-Amino-3,5-Dibromo-Pyrazine: 112.7 ml of bromine in 375 ml of acetic acid are slowly added at 0° to +2°C, while stirring, to a solution of 95.11 grams of 2-amino-pyrazine and 326.5 grams of acetic acid trihydrate (CH3COONa·3H2O) in 1,480 ml of acetic acid. This addition requires about 2 to 3 hours and it is carried out in the dark. The mixture is then allowed to stand at room temperature (25° to 30°C) for 15 to 16 hours. About 1.5 liters of acetic acid are distilled off under vacuum (12 to 14 mm Hg) at 35°C and the brown and viscous residue is poured into 500 grams of ice-water under stirring.
Aqueous 20% sodium hydroxide is added in order to obtain a pH = 8 and then the product is filtered and air-dried. The air-dried product is extracted 6 times with 150 ml of ether; the filtered ethereal solutions are evaporated to dryness and the residue (50 to 52 grams) is crystallized from hot water. The yield is 34.36 grams, melting at 114°C.
2-Amino-3-Methoxy-5-Bromo-Pyrazine: 7 grams of 2-amino-3,5-dibromopyrazine are boiled for 9 hours in a methanolic solution of sodium methylate (obtained from 0.65 gram of Na and 18.5 ml of methanol). By cooling a crystalline product is obtained, filtered and washed once with methanol and 2 to 3 times with water. The yield is 5.4 grams, melting at 138°C.
2-Amino-3-Methoxy-Pyrazine: 3 grams of 2-amino-3-methoxy-5-bromopyrazine are hydrogenated, in methanolic solution at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure, in the presence of 1 gram of palladium over charcoal (10%) and 0.9 gram of potassium hydroxide. When the stoichiometric amount of hydrogen is absorbed, the suspension is filtered and the filtrate is evaporated to dryness. The residue is extracted with acetone, the acetonic solution is evaporated and the residue (1.8 grams, melting at 75° to 82°C) is crystallized from cyclohexane. The yield is 1.5 grams, melting at 85°C.
2-(p-Acetylaminobenzene-sulfonamido)-3-Methoxy-Pyrazine: 1.5 grams of 2- amino-3-methoxy-pyrazine dissolved in 15 ml of anhydrous pyridine are treated, under cooling and stirring, with 2.81 grams of pacetylaminobenzenesulfonyl chloride, at small portions in about 30 minutes. The mixture is allowed to stand for 20 hours at room temperature and then is heated to 50°C for 4 hours.
The solution is concentrated to one-third of its volume, under vacuum, and poured into ice-water under stirring. The precipitate is filtered and washed with water. 2.21 grams melting at 218° to 220°C are obtained. The MP (crystallized from alcohol) is 224°C.
2-Sulfanilamido-3-Methoxy-Pyrazine: 1.5 grams of the product from the preceding step and 7 to 8 ml of aqueous 10% sodium hydroxide are boiled for 1 hour. The cooled solution is slightly acidified to pH 6 with aqueous 2 N hydrochloric acid and the product is filtered. The yield is 1.25 grams, melting at 175°C.
Trademarks
Kelfizina (Abbott).
Therapeutic Function
Antibacterial
Pharmazeutische Anwendungen
2-Sulfanilamido-3-methoxypyrazine. A very long-acting compound (plasma half-life 60 h). Adequate blood levels can be maintained by giving a dose of 2 g once weekly. The protein binding is c. 70%. It has been successfully used in the single-dose treatment of urinary tract infection. As with other long-acting compounds, sulfametopyrazine has been associated with an increased incidence of erythema multiforme.
Synthese
Sulfalene, 3-methoxy-2-sulfanilamidopyrazine (33.1.41), like other sulfanilamides, is synthesized by the standard scheme from 4-acetylaminobenzenesulfonyl chloride, which is reacted with 3-amino-2-methoxypyrazine, which is synthesized by two technologically available methods. The first of these methods consists of direct bromination of 2-aminopyrazine using acetic acid as a solvent, which gives 3,5-dibromo-2-aminopyrazine (33.1.34). Reacting this with sodium methoxide gives 3-methoxy-5-bromo-2-aminopyrazine (33.1.35). Hydrogen reduction using a palladium on carbon catalyst replaces the bromine atom at C5 of the product with a hydrogen atom, giving 3-methoxy-2-aminopyrazine (33.1.36).
This same 3-methoxy-2-aminopyrazine (33.1.36) is synthesized from 3-hydroxypyrazin- 2-carboxamide. Reacting this with phosphorous oxychloride replaces the hydroxyl group with a chlorine atom while the carboxamide group simultaneously undergoes dehydration to form 3-chloro-2-cyanopyrazine (33.1.37). Next, reacting this with sodium methoxide gives 3-methoxy-2-cyanopyrazine (33.1.38). The cyano group in this compound is hydrolyzed by a base in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to a carboxamide group, giving 3-methoxy-2-carboxamideopyrazine (33.1.39). The resulting product undergoes a Hofmann rearrangement when reacted with sodium hypochlorite, giving the desired 3-methoxy-2 aminopyrazine (33.1.36). Reacting this with 4-acetylaminobenzenesulfonyl chloride and subsequent hydrolysis of the acetyl group with a base to (33.1.40) gives sulfalene.

Sulfalen Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

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