D-Gluconsure

Bezeichnung:D-Gluconsure

CAS-Nr526-95-4

Englisch Name:Gluconic acid

CBNumberCB2252915

SummenformelC6H12O7

Molgewicht196.16

MOL-Datei526-95-4.mol

Synonyma

D-Gluconsure

D-Gluconsure physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt	15 °C
Siedepunkt	102 °C
alpha	D20 -6.7° (c = 1)
Dichte	1.23
Brechungsindex	1.4161
storage temp.	Store below +30°C.
Löslichkeit	DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly), Water
Aggregatzustand	Crystalline Powder or Crystals
pka	pK (25°) 3.60
Farbe	White to light yellow
Wichte	1.234
Geruch (Odor)	commercial 50 aq. soln. lt. amber, faint odor of vinegar
Optische Aktivität	[α]/D +9.0 to 15.5°
Wasserlöslichkeit	Soluble in water.
Merck	14,4456
BRN	1726055
LogP	-2.116 (est)
CAS Datenbank	526-95-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen	Gluconic acid(526-95-4)
EPA chemische Informationen	D-Gluconic acid (526-95-4)

Sicherheit

Kennzeichnung gefährlicher	Xi,C
R-Sätze:	36/37/38-34
S-Sätze:	37/39-26-45-36/37/39
RIDADR	3265
WGK Germany	-
RTECS-Nr.	LZ5057100
TSCA	Yes
HazardClass	8
PackingGroup	III
HS Code	29181600
Giftige Stoffe Daten	526-95-4(Hazardous Substances Data)

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

Gluconic acid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R34:Verursacht Verätzungen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
Beschreibung
Gluconic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₇ and condensed structural formula HOCH₂(CHOH)₄COOH. It is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-penta hydroxy hexanoic acid.
In aqueous solution at neutral pH, gluconic acid forms the gluconate ion. The salts of gluconic acid are known as "gluconates". Gluconic acid, gluconate salts, and gluconate esters occur widely in nature because such species arise from the oxidation of glucose. Some drugs are injected in the form of gluconates.
Chemische Eigenschaften
d-Gluconic acid is an acid sugar composed of white crystals with a milk-acidic taste. In aqueous solutions, it is in equilibrium with gamma- and delta-gluconolactones. It is prepared by enzymatic oxidation of glucose and strains of the microorganisms used to supply the enzyme action are nonpathogenic and nontoxicogenic to man or other animals. This substance is used as a component of bottle rinsing formulations, at levels not to exceed good manufacturing practice.
An FDA letter to a trade association revoking affirmation of general recognition of safety in dietary supplements was dated April 9, 1970.
Chemische Eigenschaften
clear yellow to brownish-yellow solution
Physikalische Eigenschaften
The chemical structure of gluconic acid consists of a six-carbon chain with five hydroxyl groups terminating in a carboxylic acid group. In aqueous solution, gluconic acid exists in equilibrium with the cyclic ester glucono delta-lactone.
Occurrence
Gluconic acid occurs naturally in fruit, honey, kombucha tea, and wine. As a food additive ( E574 ), it is an acidity regulator. It is also used in cleaning products where it dissolves mineral deposits especially in alkaline solution. The gluconate anion chelates Ca²⁺,Fe²⁺, Al³⁺, and other metals. In 1929 Horace Terhune Herrick developed a process for producing the salt by fermentation.
Calcium gluconate, in the form of a gel, is used to treat burns from hydrofluoric acid; calcium gluconate injections may be used for more severe cases to avoid necrosis of deep tissues. Quinine gluconate is a salt between gluconic acid and quinine, which is used for intramuscular injection in the treatment of malaria. Zinc gluconate injections are used to neuter male dogs. Iron gluconate injections have been proposed in the past to treat anemia.
Verwenden
Gluconic Acid is an acidulant that is a mild organic acid which is the hydrolyzed form of glucono-delta-lactone. it is prepared by the fermentation of dextrose, whereby the physiological d-form is produced. it is soluble in water with a solubility of 100 g/100 ml at 20°c. it has a mild taste and at 1% has a ph of 2.8. it functions as an antioxidant and enhances the function of other antioxidants. in beverages, syrups, and wine, it can eliminate calcium turbidities. it is used as a leavening component in cake mixes, and as an acid component in dry-mix desserts and dry beverage mixes.
Verwenden
A chemical used in glycolytic pathway studies.
Verwenden
Gluconic acid occurs naturally in fruit, honey, and wine. As a food additive it is an acidity regulator. It is also used in cleaning products.
Definition
A soluble crystalline organic acid made by the oxidation of glucose (using specific molds). It is used in paint strippers.
Definition
gluconic acid: An opticallyactive hydroxycarboxylic acid,CH₂(OH)(CHOH)₄COOH. It is the carboxylicacid corresponding to the aldosesugar glucose, and can be madeby the action of certain moulds.
Trademarks
Calglucon (Novartis).
Biotechnologische Produktion
Currently, gluconic acid is commercially produced by submerged fed-batch cultivations of Aspergillus niger using glucose as substrate. A. niger produces citric acid and gluconic acid growing on glucose. The product concentration and yields of the product depend on the fermentation conditions. For optimal gluconic acid production, high glucose concentrations (110–250 g.L-1), low concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the medium, a limitation of metal ion concentrations, a pH value in the range of 4.5–6.5, and high aeration rates for the oxygen supply are needed.
Much research has been carried out to find new ways for cheaper production. Different microorganisms have been studied (e.g. G. oxydans, Z. mobilis, A. methanolicous, and P. fluorescence. Moreover, new microbial strains have been developed by mutagenesis or genetic engineering. Additionally, the fermentation process and recovery have been optimized. New inexpensive substrates (e.g. cornstarch, grape or banana must, figs, and cheese whey) have been tested.
One example of a new and efficient production process of gluconic acid is the cultivation of Aureobasidium pullulans growing on glucose. Using a continuous process with biomass retention by crossover filtration, a product concentration of 375 g.L-1, a yield of 0.83 g of gluconic acid per gram of glucose, and a productivity of 17 g.L-1.h-1 could be achieved at a residence time of 22 h. In this process, 100 % of the glucose is converted. This process might be interesting for industrial applications. In continuous gluconic acid production with immobilized mycelia of A. niger, product concentrations of 120–140 g.L-1 have been achieved.
Flammability and Explosibility
Non flammable

Gluconic acid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

D-Gluconsure Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

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