Dimethoat (ISO)

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Achtung

• Sicherheit

  P264：Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.

  P264：Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.

  P270：Bei Gebrauch nicht essen, trinken oder rauchen.

  P280：Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.

  P301+P310：BEI VERSCHLUCKEN: Sofort GIFTINFORMATIONSZENTRUM/Arzt/... (geeignete Stelle für medizinische Notfallversorgung vom Hersteller/Lieferanten anzugeben) anrufen.

Dimethoate Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

  REIN: FARBLOSE KRISTALLE MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.

• CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

  Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung giftiger Rauche mit Stickstoff-, Phosphor- und Schwefeloxiden.

• ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

  TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
  MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
  

• AUFNAHMEWEGE

  Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.

• INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

  Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch schnell erreicht werden.

• WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

  WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
  In hohen Konzentrationen sind Auswirkungen auf das Nervensystem möglich. Cholinesterasehemmer. Exposition kann zum Tod führen. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verzögert ein. ärztliche Beobachtung notwendig.

• WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

  Wiederholter oder andauernder Hautkontakt kann Dermatitis hervorrufen. Cholinesterasehemmer. Kumulative Wirkung möglich (s. AKUTE GEFAHREN/SYMPTOME). Tierversuche zeigen, dass die Substanz möglicherweise fruchtbarkeitsschädigend oder entwicklungsschädigend wirken kann.

• LECKAGE

  NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät.

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich bei Berührung mit der Haut und beim Verschlucken.
  R63:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib möglicherweise schädigen.
  R43:Sensibilisierung durch Hautkontakt möglich.
  R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
  R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
  R45:Kann Krebs erzeugen.
  R36:Reizt die Augen.
  R20/21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
  R11:Leichtentzündlich.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S2:Darf nicht in die Hände von Kindern gelangen.
  S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
  S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
  S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
  S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.

• Beschreibung

  Dimethoate is colorless crystalline substance, mp 49 C, bp 117 C/0.1 mm Hg, vp 0.25 mPa (25 C). The solubility in water is 23.8 g/L at 20 C and pH 7. It is readily soluble in polar organic solvents. Log Kow = 0.7. Dimethoate is relatively stable in aqueous media at pH 2–7 and hydrolyzed in alkaline media; DT₅₀ (20 C) at pH 9 is 12 d.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Dimethoate is a gray-white crystalline solid at room temperature. It is sparingly soluble in water, soluble in methanol and cyclohexane, but very soluble in chloroform, benzene. It has been classifi ed by the US EPA under GUP. Dimethoate is used extensively for the control of crop pests, such as mites, aphids, thrips, plant-hoppers, white-fl ies, and a wide range of other insects that damage, crops, fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. Dimethoate is also used for the control of cattle grubs that infect livestock. Thermal decomposition of dimethoate is highly hazardous owing to the release of fumes of dimethylsulfi de, methyl mercaptane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, and nitrogenoxides.

• Verwenden

  Dimethoate is used to control of a wide range of insect and mite pests in many crops. It is also used to control flies in animal houses.

• Verwenden

  Systemic and contact insecticide.

• Verwenden

  An organophosphate insecticide. It is an anticholinesterase which disables cholinesterase, an enzyme essential for central nervous system function. Neurotoxic in humans.

• Verwenden

  insecticide, cholinesterase inhibitor

• Verwenden

  Systemic and contact organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide used to control thrips and red spider mites on many agricultural crops, sawies on apples and plums, wheat bulb and olive ies.

• Vorbereitung Methode

  The commercial production of dimethoate involves a multi-step process. It starts with the reaction of dimethyl dithiophosphoric acid, prepared from phosphorus pentasulfide and methanol, with chloroacetamide in the presence of a base, such as sodium hydroxide, in an organic solvent under controlled temperature to form the intermediate. This is followed by methylation using a methylating agent like methyl chloride to yield dimethoate. The crude product is purified through distillation or solvent extraction to achieve high purity.

• Definition

  ChEBI: A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  A white crystalline solid, with a camphor-like odor, white to grayish crystals for technical product. Dimethoate is a contact and systemic organophosphate insecticide effective against a broad range of insects and mites when applied on a wide range of crops. Dimethoate has not been produced in the U.S. since 1982.

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Dimethoate is stable in aqueous solution but is hydrolyzed by aqueous alkali.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  Dimethoate is incompatible with alkaline preparations. Dimethoate is slightly corrosive to iron. Dimethoate is incompatible with sulfur based formulations. . Organophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

• Health Hazard

  Very toxic; the probable oral lethal dose in humans is between 50-500 mg/kg, or between 1 teaspoon and 1 ounce for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person. Dimethoate is a cholinesterase inhibitor, meaning it affects the central nervous system. Death is due to respiratory arrest arising from failure of respiratory center, paralysis of respiratory muscles, intense bronchoconstriction or all three.

• Health Hazard

  Cholinesterase inhibitor; very toxic, exhibit-ing acute, delayed, and chronic toxicity;routes of entry—ingestion, skin contact,and inhalation; toxic symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive salivation,bronchoconstriction, and respiratory arrest;oral intake of 5–20 g may cause death toadult humans.
  LD50 oral (mammal): 15 mg/kg
  The oral LD50 in rat, however, is higher(within the range 150 mg/kg) than someother common organophosphorus insecti-cides, such as Nemaphos, Mevinphos, orCoumaphos.

• Health Hazard

  Dimethoate is toxic to animals and humans. Occupational exposures cause poisoning with symptoms that include, but are not limited to, sweating, headache, weakness, giddiness, nausea, vomiting, stomach pains, blurred vision, pupillary constriction, slurred speech, and muscle twitching. Workers repeatedly exposed to dimethoate have shown symptoms of numbness, tingling sensations, incoordination, headache, dizziness, tremor, nausea, abdominal cramps, diffi culty breathing or respiratory depression, slow heart beat, and speech diffi culties. Prolonged exposures cause severe poisoning with adverse effects on the CNS, leading to incoordination, slurred speech, loss of refl exes, weakness, fatigue, involuntary muscle contractions, twitching, tremors of the tongue or eyelids, and eventually paralysis of the body extremities and the respiratory muscles, psychosis, irregular heart beats, unconsciousness, convulsions, coma, and death caused by respiratory failure or cardiac arrest.

• Brandgefahr

  As with other organophosphorus pesticides, container may explode in heat of fire. The temperature of storage should not exceed 70-80F. Keep away from sources of heat, flames, or spark-generating equipment. Unstable in alkaline solution. Hydrolyzed by aqueous alkali. Stable in aqueous solutions. The compound is stable for 2 years under environmental conditions if stored in undamaged, original containers.

• Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung

  Insecticide, Miticide: Dimethoate is used to kill mites and insects systemically and on contact. It is used against a wide range of insects, including aphids, thrips, planthoppers, and whiteflies on ornamental plants, alfalfa, apples, corn, cotton, grapefruit, grapes, lemons, melons, oranges, pears, pecans, safflower, sorghum, soybeans, tangerines, tobacco, tomatoes, watermelons, wheat, and other vegetables. It is also used as a residual wall spray in farm buildings for house flies. Dimethoate has been administered to livestock for control of botflies. Dimethoate is available in aerosol spray, dust, emulsifiable concentrate, and ULV concentrate formulations.

• Handelsname

  REBELATE®; CEKUTHOATE®; CHIMIGOR 40®; CYGON 400®[C]; DEFEND®; DAPHENE®; DANADIM®; DANADIM® PROGRESS; DE-FEND®; DEMOS NF®; DEVIGON®; DICAP®; DIMATE 267®; DIMET®; DIMETHOATE 40; DIMETHOPGAN®; FERKETHION®; FOSTION MM®; KENLOGO®; NUGOR®; PERFEKTION®; ROGODAN®; ROGODIAL®; ROGOR®; ROXION®; SEVIGOR®

• Kontakt-Allergie

  This organophosphorus compound is used as a contact and systemic insecticide and acaricide. It induced an erythema-multiform-like contact dermatitis in a ware- houseman in an agricultural consortium.

• Mechanism of action

  Systemic with contact and stomach action. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor.

• Sicherheitsprofil

  A deadly human poison. Poison by ingestion, skin contact, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Moderately toxic by intravenous route. Human systemic effects: coma, dyspnea,fasciculations. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx、, POx, and SOx. See also ESTERS.

• mögliche Exposition

  Compound Description:Agricultural Chemical; Tumorigen, Mutagen;Reproductive Effector; Human Data. Dimethoate is acontact and systemic organophosphate insecticide effective against a broad range of insects and mites whenapplied on a wide range of crops. It has not been produced in the United States since 1982.

• Erste Hilfe

  If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Speed in removing material from skinis of extreme importance. Shampoo hair promptly if contaminated. Seek medical attention immediately. If thischemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, beginrescue breathing (using universal precautions, includingresuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and inducevomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.Effects may be delayed; keep victim under medical observation. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions fromthe local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.Note to physician: 1,10-trimethylenebis(4-formylpyridiniumbromide)dioxime (a.k.a TMB-4 dibromide and TMV-4) hasbeen used as an antidote for organophosphate poisoning.

• Carcinogenicity

  Rats given diets with 0, 5, 25, or 100 ppm dimethoate (0, 0.25, 1.25, or 5 mg/kg/day) for 2 years showed dose-related trends for spleen hemangiosarcoma; combined spleen hemangioma and hemangiosarcoma; and combined spleen hemangioma, hemangiosarcoma, and skin hemangiosarcoma . There were also significant differences in pair-wise comparisons between controls and low-dose (0.25 mg/kg) or high-dose (5 mg/kg) groups for spleen (hemangioma/hemangiosarcoma) and combined tumors of spleen and skin hemangiosarcoma and lymph angioma/angiosarcoma; and between low and high doses for all tumors combined.

• Environmental Fate

  Soil. Duff and Menzer (1973) reported that in moist soils, dimethoate is converted to the oxygen analog, dimethoate carboxylic acid (dimethoxon) and two unidentified metabolites. The degradation rate of dimethoate in three different soils increased almost twofold with a 10°C increase in temperature (Kolbe et al., 1991). The reported half-lives of dimethoate in a humus-rich sandy soil, clay loam and heavy clay soil at 10 and 20°C are 15.3, 10.3, 15.5 days and 9.7, 4.8 and 8.5 days, respectively. Degradates included dimethoxon (O,O-dimethyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphorothiolate) and unidentified polar compounds (Kolbe et al., 1991).
  In a silt loam and sandy loam, reported Rf values were 0.42 and 0.45, respectively (Sharma et al., 1986).
  Plant. In plants, oxidation/hydrolysis leads to the formation of the phosphorothioate. Other hydrolysis products in plants include O,O-dimethylphosphorodithioate and O,Odimethylphosphorophosphate which occurs via demethylation and hydrolytic clea
  The half-life in Bermuda grass was reported to be 3.1 days (Beck et al., 1966). The disappearance half-lives of dimethoate on bean, tomato, cucumber and cotton plants were 4.3, 6.0, 3.8 and 3.3 days, respectively (Belal and Gomaa, 1979).
  Surface Water. Though no products were identified, the half-life in raw river water was 8 weeks (Eichelberger and Lichtenberg, 1971). Photolytic. Dichlorvos should not undergo direct photolysis since it does not absorb UV light at wavele

• Stoffwechselwegen

  Dimethoate is a systemic insecticide which is rapidly translocated to all parts of the plant. Metabolism to omethoate (dimethoate oxon), the active cholinesterase inhibitor, is a major pathway in both animals and plants. Degradative metabolism is either via dealkylation to yield both des-O- methyldimethoate and des-O-methylomethoate, followed by hydrolysis or dealkylation to give mono- and di-methyl phosphate, phosphorothioate and phosphorodithioate esters which are ultimately degraded to phosphate. An additional mechanism is through hydrolysis of the amide group to give dimethoate and omethoate carboxylic acids. An important additional metabolic pathway is oxidative N-demethylation of dimethoate and omethoate to give des-N-methyldimethoate and des-N-methy lomethoate via their respective N-hydroxymethyl derivatives. It is possible that the N-demethylation route could precede amidase action leading to dimethoate and omethoate carboxylic acids which are excreted in mammals. The 'thioglycolate' part of the molecule is metabolised to α-hydroxy-N-methylacetamide in mammals.

• Lager

  Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Storein a secure poison location. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat andstrong bases. Do not store solid Dimethoate above25-30℃/77-86°F. However, liquid solutions of dimethoate must be stored above 7℃/45°F. Keep away fromsources of heat, flames, or spark-generating equipment.Unstable in alkaline solution. Hydrolyzed by aqueous alkali.Stable in aqueous solutions. The compound is stable for 2years under environmental conditions if stored in undamaged, original containers.

• Versand/Shipping

  Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, n.o.s.require a “POISONOUS/TOXIC MATERIALS” label.They fall in Hazard Class 6.1 and Packing Group II.

• Degradation

  Dimethoate is stable in aqueous media in the pH range 2-7 but hydrolysed under alkaline conditions (PM). Under acidic conditions the sole product of hydrolysis is desmethyldimethoate (2), whereas in alkali both desmethyldimethoate (2) and O,O-dimethylphosphorothioate (3) were formed. These products are in accord with other studies on the effects of pH on the hydrolysis of phospho-triesters, with dealkylation predominating under acidic conditions and S_N2 attack on phosphorus by OH- at high pH (PSD, 1993).
  Dimethoate is stable to photolysis. In an experiment to measure the degradation of an aqueous solution of dimethoate, a sample of [O-¹⁴C-methyl]dimethoate was irradiated with a xenon arc lamp for 15 days. The compound was extracted unchanged (93.4%) and no specific degradation products were identified (PSD, 1993).

• Toxicity evaluation

  The acute oral LD₅₀ for rats is 387 mg/kg. Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats is >1.6 mg/L air. NOEL (2 y) for rats is 5 mg/kg diet (0.25 mg/kg/d). ADI is 2 μg/kg (sum of dimethoate and its oxon, i.e., omethoate). Oxidative desulfuration to form omethoate, the active AChE inhibitor, occurs both in mammals and plants. The main degradation routes are O-demethylation and amide hydrolysis that is important particularly for the selective species toxicity in animals. The cleavage of the PS and SC linkages also occurs to a considerable degree. Aerobic DT₅₀ in soil is 2–4 d,whereas it was 22 d under anaerobic conditions.

• Inkompatibilitäten

  Strong bases (alkalis). Do not store solidabove 77-86°F/25-30℃. Liquid solutions must be storedabove 45°F/7℃. Strong oxidizers may cause release oftoxic phosphorus oxides. Organophosphates, in the presenceof strong reducing agents such as hydrides, may formhighly toxic and flammable phosphine gas. Keep awayfrom alkaline materials.

• Pestizidtyp

  Insecticide; Acaricide; Metabolite

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