Schwefelwasserstoff

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Achtung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H220：Extrem entzündbares Gas.

  H280：Enthält Gas unter Druck; kann bei Erwärmung explodieren.

  H330：Lebensgefahr bei Einatmen.

  H400：Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen.

• Sicherheit

  P260：Dampf/Aerosol/Nebel nicht einatmen.

  P271：Nur im Freien oder in gut belüfteten Räumen verwenden.

  P273：Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden.

  P284：Atemschutz tragen.

  P410+P403：Vor Sonnenbestrahlung schützen. An einem gut belüfteten Ort aufbewahren.

Hydrogen Sulfide Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

  FARBLOSES, KOMPRIMIERTES FLüSSIGGAS MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH NACH FAULEN EIERN.

• PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN

  Das Gas ist schwerer als Luft und kann sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung möglich. Fließen, Schütten o.ä. kann zu elektrostatischer Aufladung führen.

• CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

  Erhitzen kann zu sehr heftiger Verbrennung oder Explosion führen. Zersetzung beim Verbrennen unter Bildung giftiger Gase (Schwefeloxide). Reagiert sehr heftig mit starken Oxidationsmitteln unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Greift viele Metalle und einige Kunststoffe an.

• ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

  TLV: 10 ppm (als TWA) 15 ppm (als STEL) (ACGIH 2005).
  MAK: 5 ppm 7.1 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor I(2); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C; (DFG 2006).
  

• AUFNAHMEWEGE

  Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation.

• INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

  Eine gesundheitsschädliche Konzentration des Gases in der Luft wird beim Entweichen aus dem Behälter sehr schnell erreicht.

• WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

  WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
  Das Gas reizt die Augen und die Atemwege. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem. Exposition kann zu Bewusstlosigkeit und zum Tod führen. Inhalation des Gases kann Lungenödem verursachen (s.Anm.). Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verzögert ein. ärztliche Beobachtung notwendig. Schnelle Verdampfung kann zu Erfrierungen führen.

• LECKAGE

  Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Zündquellen entfernen. Belüftung. Gas mit feinem Wassersprühstrahl niederschlagen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Gasdichter Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät.

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R12:Hochentzündlich.
  R26:Sehr giftig beim Einatmen.
  R50:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S9:Behälter an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
  S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
  S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
  S38:Bei unzureichender Belüftung Atemschutzgerät anlegen.
  S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
  S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.

• Aussehen Eigenschaften

  H2S. Farbloses, nach faulen Eiern riechendes, sehr giftiges, hochentzündliches Gas.

• Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt

  Gefährliche Reaktionen sind u.a. mit Alkalimetallen, Alkalihydroxiden, Aminen, Ammoniak, Ethylenoxid, Schwefeldioxid starken Oxidationsmitteln, Halogen-Halogenverbindungen, Halogenen und Metalloxiden möglich. Hochentzündliches Flüssiggas.
  Bei kleinen Konzentrationen (etwa bis 200 ppm) Reizung der Schleimhäute (Augen, Atemwege), Übelkeit, Erbrechen, Kopfschmerzen, Durchfälle, Atemnot, Zyanose, Bewußtlosigkeit, Delirien und Krämpfe. Auch Erregungszustände sind bekannt. Tod durch Atemlähmung, die im Extremfall sofort eintritt (etwa bei1400 ppm). Geruchswahrnehmung setzt ab 150 ppm oder längerer Exposition aus. Langfristig Schädigungen des Zentralnervensystems oder Herzens sowie Überempfindlichkeit gegenüber H₂S möglich.
  Chronische Symptome: Schleimhautreizungen Hornhauttrübungen, Lichtscheu, Bronchitis, allgemeine Schwäche, Appetitlosigkeit und Kreislaufstörungen. Auch Hautjucken und Hautausschläge kommen vor.

• Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln

  Bedienung der Druckgasbehälter nur durch unterwiesenes Personal.
  Bei Gasaustritt Kombinationsfilter ABEK.
  Arbeitshandschuhe (nur als kurzzeitiger Spritzschutz).

• Verhalten im Gefahrfall

  Gefährdeten Bereich verlassen, intensiv lüften. Zündquellen vermeiden. Gasaustritt beseitigen. Dabei Atemschutzgerät mit Filtertyp B tragen. Defekte Gasflaschen: Laborleiter verständigen!
  CO₂, Pulverlöscher, Wasser.

• Erste Hilfe

  Nach Hautkontakt: Mit viel Wasser abwaschen.
  Nach Augenkontakt: Mit viel Wasser bei geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 15 Minuten spülen. Augenarzt!
  Nach Einatmen: Frischluft, Ruhe, Wärme; Atemkontrolle. Ggf. Gerätebeatmung. Notarzt!
  Nach Verschlucken: Notarzt!
  Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung ausziehen.
  Auf Selbstschutz achten!
  Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag

• Sachgerechte Entsorgung

  Druckgasflaschen: Nur durch Laborleiter oder sachkundigen Beauftragten! Lösungen: Sondermüll.

• Beschreibung

  Hydrogen Sulfide is a colorless, very poisonous, flammable gas with the characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs. It often results from the bacterial breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen, such as in swamps and sewers where anaerobic digestion can take place. It also occurs in volcanic gases, “natural gas”, and some well waters. Hydrogen sulfide has numerous names, some of which are archaic.
  Small amounts of hydrogen sulfide occur in crude oil, but natural gas can contain up to 90%. About 10% of the total global emission of H2S is due to human activity.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Hydrogen sulfide is a colourless gas with strong odour of rotten eggs (odour threshold ca 0.2 ppt).

• Physikalische Eigenschaften

  H2S is soluble in carbon disulfide, methanol, acetone and alkanolamines. A solution of hydrogen sulfide in water is initially clear but over time turns cloudy. This is due to the slow reaction of hydrogen sulfide with the oxygen dissolved in water, yielding elemental sulfur, which precipitates out.

• Occurrence

  Reported found in heated French beans, beef broth, vapors of canned beef, canned beef, beef extract, heated beef fat, raw beef, beer, bread, heated Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cooked celery, cheddar cheese, cooked and raw chicken, chives, heated coconut, codfish, ground and roast coffee, heated corn, heated egg, grapefruit juice, cooked herring, citrus juices, strawberry, cabbage, onion, potato, rutabaga, tomato, blue cheese, buttermilk, raw and boiled eggs, coffee, potato chips, rice, soybeans, okra, sweet corn, sake, squid, shrimps, cooked, fatty fish and other natural sources

• History

  Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless, flammable, toxic gas with the characteristic odor of rotten eggs.It is produced naturally from the anaerobic bacterial decomposition of organic wastes, occurs in volcanic gases and hot springs, is a product of animal digestion, and is generated in industrial processes. Hydrogen is a natural component of natural gas and petroleum; it is only a small fraction of oil (hundreds of ppm), but may form an appreciable component of natural gas. Natural gas typically contains up to 5% hydrogen sulfide. Natural gas is considered sour if the hydrogen sulfide content exceeds 5.7 mg of H2S per cubic meter of natural gas. The process for removing hydrogen sulfide from sour gas is referred to as sweetening the gas. Because hydrogen sulfide is associated with anaerobic respiration in sewers and swamps, it is referred to as sewer gas, swamp gas, or stink damp.

• Verwenden

  Hydrogen sulfide is used as an analyticalreagent and in the manufacture of heavywater. It occurs in natural gas and sewer gas.It is formed by the reaction of a metal sulfidewith dilute mineral acid, and in petroleumrefining.

• Verwenden

  Hydrogen sulfide has relatively few commercial uses. It is used to produce elementalsulfur, sulfuric acid, and heavy water for nuclear reactors.

• Verwenden

  To produce elemental sulfur and sulfuric acid; in manufacture of heavy water and other chemicals; in metallurgy; as analytical reagent.

• Definition

  ChEBI: A sulfur hydride consisting of s single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.

• synthetische

  By far the largest industrial route toH2S occurs in petroleum refineries. The “hydrodesulfurization” process liberates sulfur from petroleum by the action of hydrogen. The resulting H2S is converted to elemental sulfur by partial combustion via the Claus process that is a major source of elemental sulfur (In the Claus process, hydrogen sulfide is catalytically reacted with oxygen from the air to produce sulfur and sulfur dioxide). Other anthropogenic sources of hydrogen sulfide include coke ovens, paper-mills (using the sulfate method), and tanneries, where Na2S is used for processing cowhide to form leather. H2S arises from virtually anywhere where elemental sulfur comes in contact with organic material, especially at high temperatures.

• Vorbereitung Methode

  Hydrogen sulfide is produced during anaerobic respiration (fermentation). Anaerobic respirationenables organisms, primarily bacteria and other microbes, to meet their energy needsusing sulfate, elemental sulfur, and sulfur compounds as electron acceptors instead of oxygen.

• Reaktionen

  Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine react with H2S to form the corresponding halogen acid. Metal sulfides are formed when H2S is passed into solutions of the heavy metals, such as Ag, Pb, Cu, and Mn. This reaction is responsible for the tarnishing of Ag and is the basis for the separation of these metals in classical wet qualitative analytical methods. Hydrogen sulfide reacts with many organic compounds.

• Aroma threshold values

  Detection: 10 ppb

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Highly flammable; a flame can very easily flash back to the source of leak. Soluble in water to a maximum of 0.4% by mass at room temperature .

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  HYDROGEN SULFIDE reacts as an acid and as a reducing agent. Explodes on contact with oxygen difluoride, bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride, dichlorine oxide, silver fulminate. May ignite and explode when exposed to powdered copper in oxygen [Mertz, V. et al., Ber., 1880, 13, p. 722]. May react similarly with other powdered metals. Ignites on contact with metal oxides and peroxides (barium peroxide, chromium trioxide, copper oxide, lead dioxide, manganese dioxide, nickel oxide, silver oxide, silver dioxide, thallium trioxide, sodium peroxide, mercury oxide, calcium oxide) [Mellor, 1947, vol. 10, p. 129, 141]. Ignites with silver bromate, lead(II) hypochlorite, copper chromate, nitric acid, lead(IV) oxide and rust. May ignite if passed through rusty iron pipes [Mee, A. J., School Sci. Rev., 1940, 22(85), p. 95]. Reacts exothermically with bases. The heat of the reaction with soda lime, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide may lead to ignition or explosion of the unreacted portion in the presence of air / oxygen [Mellor, 1947, vol. 10, p. 140].

• Hazard

  Highly flammable, dangerous fire risk, explosive limits in air 4.3–46%. Toxic by inhalation, strong irritant to eyes and mucous membranes.

• Health Hazard

  The acute toxicity of hydrogen sulfide by inhalation is moderate. A 5-min exposure to 800 ppm has resulted in death. Inhalation of 1000 to 2000 ppm may cause coma after a single breath. Exposure to lower concentrations may cause headache, dizziness, and upset stomach. Low concentrations of H2S (20 to 150 ppm) can cause eye irritation, which may be delayed in onset. Although the odor of hydrogen sulfide is detectable at very low concentrations, it rapidly causes olfactory fatigue at higher levels, and therefore is not considered to have adequate warning properties. Hydrogen sulfide has not been shown to be carcinogenic or to have reproductive or developmental effects in humans

• Health Hazard

  Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic gas. Exposure to high concentrations can result inunconsciousness and respiratory paralysis.A 5-minute exposure to a concentration of1000 ppm can be lethal to humans. Prolonged exposure to concentrations between250 and 500 ppm can cause respiratory irri tation, congestion of the lung, and bronchialpneumonia. Toxic symptoms that have beennoted from occupational exposure to hydrogen sulfide in a heavy water plant areheadache, nausea, cough, nervousness, andinsomnia (ACGIH 1986). In addition, it isan irritant to the eyes. Conjunctivities mayresult from exposure to 20–30 ppm.

• Brandgefahr

  Compound is heavier than air and may travel a considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back. HYDROGEN SULFIDE forms explosive mixtures with air over a wide range. Also reacts explosively with bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride, nitrogen triiodide, nitrogen trichloride, oxygen difluoride, and phenyl diazonium chloride. When heated to decomposition, HYDROGEN SULFIDE emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur. Incompatible with many materials including strong oxidizers, metals, strong nitric acid, bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride, nitrogen triiodide, nitrogen trichloride, oxygen difluoride and phenyl diazonium chloride. Avoid physical damage to containers; sources of ignition; storage near nitric acid, strong oxidizing materials, and corrosive liquids or gases.

• Flammability and Explosibility

  Hydrogen sulfide is flammable in air in the range of 4.3 to 45.5% (NFPA rating = 4). Combustion products (sulfur oxides) are also toxic by inhalation. In the event of a hydrogen sulfide fire, stop the flow of gas if possible without risk of harmful exposure and let the fire burn itself out.

• Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung

  Hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) is a colorless, poisonous, flammable gas with an odor of rotting eggs. It is found in cesspools and mines and is a by-product of decomposed substances containing sulphur. It is one of the gaseous end-products of the reduction of sulphate in highly degraded paddy fields. Hydrogen sulphide is also produced in the laboratory for use as an analytical reagent.

• Materials Uses

  Dry hydrogen sulfide is satisfactorily handled under pressure at normal ambient temperatures in carbon steel or black iron piping. Carbon steels in wet applications are known to be subject to sulfide stress cracking and low- temperature brittle fracture under some conditions of temperature, stress, and pressure. While hydrogen sulfide itself is relatively noncorrosive to steel in many uses, factors such as impurities, pH, erosive conditions, and high thermal or mechanical stresses in the metal can cause severe corrosion problems. High-strength steels are subject to crack formation when exposed to hydrogen sulfide.

• Synthese

  Hydrogen sulfide gas can be formed and released whenever waste containing sulfur is broken down by bacteria.

• mögliche Exposition

  ReproductiveEffector; Human Data. Hydrogen sulfide is used in the syn-thesis of inorganic sulfides, sulfuric acid, and organic sulfurcompounds; as an analytical reagent; as a disinfectant inagriculture; and in metallurgy. It is generated in many industrial processes as a by-product and also during thedecomposition of sulfur-containing organicmatter，sopotential for exposure exists in a variety of situations.Hydrogensulfide is found in natural gas, volcanic gas, andin certain natural spring waters. Its may also be encounteredin the manufacture of barium carbonate, barium salt, cello-phane，depilatories, dyes, pigments, felt, fertilizer, adhe-sives, viscoserayon, lithopone， synthetic petroleumproducts; in the processing of sugar beets; in mining, partic-ularly where sulfide ores are present; in sewers and sewagetreatment plants; during excavation of swampy or filledground for tunnels, wells, and caissons; during drilling ofoil and gas wells; in purification of hydrochloric acid andphosphates; during the low-temperature carbonization ofcoal; in tanneries, breweries, slaughterhouses; in fat render-ing; and in lithography and photoengraving.

• Physiological effects

  Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic, irritating, and asphyxiant gas. The substance is known to be produced and metabolized naturally in the human body at low concentrations, but can be quickly fatal once the natural bodily defenses are overwhelmed.
  ACGIH recommends a Threshold Limit Value-Time-Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) of 10 ppm (14 mg/m3 ) for hydrogen sulfide. The TLV- TWA is the time-weighted average concentration for a normal 8-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek, to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse effect.
  ACGIH recommends a Threshold Limit Value-Short Term Exposure Limit (TLVSTEL) of 15 ppm (21 mg/m3 ) for hydrogen sulfide. The TLV-STEL is the IS-minute TWA exposure that should not be exceeded at any time during a workday even if the 8-hour TWA is within the TLV- TWA. Exposures above the TLV- TWA up to the STEL should not be longer than 15 minutes and should not occur more than 4 times per day. There should be at least 60 minutes between successive exposures in this range.

• Erste Hilfe

  If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek med-ical attention immediately. If frostbite has occurred, seekmedical attention immediately; do NOT rub the affectedareas or flush them with water. In order to prevent furthertissue damage, do NOT attempt to remove frozen clothingfrom frostbitten areas. If frostbite has NOT occurred, imme-diately and thoroughly wash contaminated skin with soapand water. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove fromexposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precau-tions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stoppedand CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to amedical facility. Medical observation is recommended for24- -48 h after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edemamay be delayed. As first aid for pulmonary edema, a doctoror authorized paramedic may consider administering a corti-costeroid spray.

• Environmental Fate

  Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless, flammable compressed liquid gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. The solubility of hydrogen sulfide in water is 3980 mg l^-1 at 20 ℃ and it is soluble in certain polar organic solvents, notably methanol, acetone, propylene carbonate, sulfolane, tributyl phosphate, various glycols and glycol ethers, gasoline, kerosene, crude oil, and carbon disulfide. The calculated vapor pressure at 21.9 ℃ is 1929 Pa. Boiling point and melting point of the substance are ^-60.33 ℃ and^-85.49 ℃, respectively. Based on the estimated Henry’s law constant of 468 atm mol^-1 for hydrogen sulfide, volatilization from water and soil is high.

• Lager

  cylinders of hydrogen sulfide should be stored and used in a continuously ventilated gas cabinet or fume hood. Local fire codes should be reviewed for limitations on quantity and storage requirements.

• Versand/Shipping

  Hydrogen sulfide requires a shipping label of“POISON GAS, FLAMMABLE GAS.”It falls in HazardClass 2.3. It is a violation of transportation regulations torefill compressed gas cylinders without the express writtenpermission of the owner.

• läuterung methode

  Wash it, then pass the gas through a train of tubes containing saturated Ba(OH)2 (2x), water (2x), and dilute HCl [Goates et al. J Am Chem Soc 73 707 1951]. It is available in gas cylinders. HIGHLY POISONOUS.

• Toxicity evaluation

  Toxicity of hydrogen sulfide is most likely related to inhibition of metal-containing enzymes such as cytochrome oxidase, the final enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and carbonic anhydrase. Therefore, hydrogen sulfide affects cellular energy production and respiration. Mucous membranes and tissues with a high oxygen demand, like nervous and cardiac tissues are most susceptible tissues in exposure to hydrogen sulfide. In addition, sulfide also seems to act on the respiratory drive through other mechanisms such as suppression of synaptic activity, inhibition of monoamine oxidase, a direct action on respiratory centers in the brain, and stimulation of the glutamate receptors in the brain. The hydrosulfide anion also forms a complex with methemoglobin and creates sulfmethemoglobin. On the other hand, hydrosulfide can be produced endogenously, particularly in mammalian cells, through an enzymatic pathway and in a smaller part via a nonenzymatic pathway. Among enzymes involved in hydrosulfide production, cystathionine- synthase and cystathionine-lyase have been investigated extensively; both use vitamin B6 as a cofactor. Captopyruvate sulfurtransferase along with cysteine aminotransferase are involved in transsulfuration and reverse transsulfuration pathways in different capacities and utilize specific substrates. Of course, the regulation mechanisms for the expression and activities of these hydrosulfide-generating enzymes under physiological or pathophysiological conditions needs more research. These enzymes are differentially expressed in neuronal, immune, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, reproductive, respiratory, liver, and endocrine systems and affect the functions of these systems through production of hydrosulfide. Meanwhile, different molecular targets, such as different ion channels and signaling proteins, mediate physiological functions of hydrogen sulfide. Alternations of hydrosulfide metabolism lead to an array of pathological disturbances in the form of hypertension, diabetes, cirrhosis, atherosclerosis, heart failure, inflammation, sepsis, erectile dysfunction, asthma, and neurodegenerative disease.

• Inkompatibilitäten

  Hydrogen sulfide is incompatible with strong oxidizers. It will attack many metals, forming sulfides. Liquid hydrogen sulfide will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings. H2S reacts violently with a variety of metal oxides, including the oxides of chromium, mercury, silver, lead, nickel, and iron.

• Waste disposal

  To respond to a release, use appropriate protective equipment and clothing. Positive pressure air-supplied respiratory protection is required. Close cylinder valve and ventilate area. Remove cylinder to a fume hood or remote area if it cannot be shut off. Disposal Excess hydrogen sulfide should be returned to the manufacturer, according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines. For more information on disposal procedures, see Chapter 7 of this volume.

• GRADES AVAILABLE

  Hydrogen sulfide is available in a technical or commercial grade that is 99 mole percent minimum hydrogen sulfide. It is also available in higher purities, up to 99.99 mole percent minimum hydrogen sulfide.

Hydrogen Sulfide Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Schwefelwasserstoff Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

Global(69)Suppliers

7783-06-4, Hydrogen Sulfide Verwandte Suche: