Step 59a. Synthesis of 2,4-dihydroxy-3-nitropyridine (compound 0108): fuming nitric acid (90 mL) was slowly added to a stirring solution of 2,4-dihydroxypyridine (0601) (100 g, 0.9 mol) dissolved in ethyl acetate (300 mL) at 0 °C. After 45 minutes of reaction, the reaction solution was carefully poured into crushed ice and the mixture was cooled in a refrigerator. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with cold water and dried to give 4-hydroxy-3-nitropyridin-2(1H)-one (0108) (135 g, 96% yield) as a light yellow solid.LCMS: 157 [M + 1]+; 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 6.05 (d, 1H, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.47 (d, 1H, J = 7.2 Hz), 11.91 (s, 1H), 12.47 (s, 1H).