General Description
Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated is a white granular solid or tablets compressed from the granules having an odor of chlorine. CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, HYDRATED MIXTURE, WITH NOT LESS THAN 5.5% BUT NOT MORE THAN 10% WATER(7778-54-3) is noncombustible, but CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, HYDRATED MIXTURE, WITH NOT LESS THAN 5.5% BUT NOT MORE THAN 10% WATER(7778-54-3) will accelerate the burning of combustible materials. CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, HYDRATED MIXTURE, WITH NOT LESS THAN 5.5% BUT NOT MORE THAN 10% WATER(7778-54-3) is decomposed by water with evolution of chlorine gas and heat. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat may result in the vigorous decomposition of the material and rupture of the container. Material containing less than 39% available chlorine may undergo reactions as described above though CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, HYDRATED MIXTURE, WITH NOT LESS THAN 5.5% BUT NOT MORE THAN 10% WATER(7778-54-3) may take longer to initiate, and the resulting reactions may not be as vigorous. CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, HYDRATED MIXTURE, WITH NOT LESS THAN 5.5% BUT NOT MORE THAN 10% WATER(7778-54-3) is used for water purification, disinfectant for swimming pools, for bleaching paper and textiles, and for many other uses.
Reactivity Profile
CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE is a powerful oxidizing agent, particularly in the presence of water or at higher temperature as CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, HYDRATED MIXTURE, WITH NOT LESS THAN 5.5% BUT NOT MORE THAN 10% WATER decomposes to release oxygen and chlorine gases. As strong oxidant CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, HYDRATED MIXTURE, WITH NOT LESS THAN 5.5% BUT NOT MORE THAN 10% WATER may react with vigor in combination with carbon, especially finely divided is explosive; acetylene, leads to creation of explosive chloroacetylenes; organic matter, oil, hydrocarbons; alcohols may cause explosion, methanol, ethanol, etc.; nitromethane caused delayed violent reaction; organic sulfur compounds, sulfides tend toward ignition and sometimes explosion; with iron oxide in metal containers catalyze oxygen evolving decomposition of the oxidant. CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE, HYDRATED MIXTURE, WITH NOT LESS THAN 5.5% BUT NOT MORE THAN 10% WATER forms highly explosive NCl3 on contact with urea. Produces highly toxic gaseous chlorine gas when heated or on contact with acids [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1905]. Mixture of damp sulfur with hypochlorite caused a violent reaction, that ejected molten sulfur, Chem Eng. News, 1965, 46(29), 6.
Hazard
Dangerous fire risk in contact with organic
materials.
Health Hazard
Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Fire Hazard
These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
First aid
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately.
If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,
begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical
facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce
vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.
Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours
after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be
delayed. As first aid for pulmonary edema, a doctor or
authorized paramedic may consider administering a drug or
other inhalation therapy
Shipping
UN1748 Calcium hypochlorite, dry or Calcium
hypochlorite mixtures dry with .39% available chlorine
(8.8% available oxygen), Hazard Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-
Oxidizer. UN2208 Calcium hypochlorite mixtures, dry,
with .10% but not .39% available chlorine, Hazard
Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer. UN2880 Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated or Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated mixtures, with not ,5.5% but not .16% water, Hazard Class:
5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer
Incompatibilities
A powerful oxidizer. Decomposes in
heat or sunlight; becomes explosive above 100C/212F.
Incompatible with strong acids; water and other forms of
moisture, reducing agents; combustible materials; all other
chemicals, especially acetylene, aniline and all other
amines, anthracene, carbon tetrachloride, iron oxide, manganese oxide, mercaptans, diethylene glycol monomethyl
ether, nitromethane, organic matter; organic sulfides, phenol, 1-propanethiol, propyl mercaptan, sulfur, turpentine,
organic sulfur compounds. Attacks various metals, releasing flammable hydrogen gas.
Chemical Properties
Calcium hypochlorite is a white powder, granule, or pellets with a strong chlorine-like odor.
Chemical Properties
Calcium hypochlorite, Ca(OCl)2.4H20, also known as calcium oxychloride, chlorinated lime, and bleach, is a deliquescent white powder used as a bleaching agent in the textile and pulp industries and as a disinfectant. It contains 60 to 65% available chlorine,
Waste Disposal
Dissolve the material in water
and add to a large volume of concentrated reducing agent
solution, then acidify the mixture with H2SO4. When reduction is complete, soda ash is added to make the solution
alkaline. The alkaline liquid is decanted from any sludge
produced, neutralized, and diluted before discharge to a
sewer or stream. The sludge is landfilled
Physical properties
White crystalline solid; density 2.35 g/cm3; decomposes when heated to 100°C; soluble in water and alcohol (with decomposition).
Uses
Bleaching of wood pulp, linen, cotton, straw, oils, soaps, and in laundering; oxidizer in calico printing to obtain white designs on a colored ground; destroying caterpillars; disinfecting drinking water, sewage, etc.; as a decontaminant for mustard gas and similar substances.
Uses
Bleaching powder is actually a mixture of calcium
hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2) and the basic chloride CaCl2,
H2O with some slaked lime, Ca(OH)2. The product is
generally called “bleaching powder”. It consists of
a mixture of calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium hypochlorite
(Ca(OCl)2), and calcium chloride hypochlorite
(CaCl(OCl)). Ca(ClO)2 is used in industrial wastewater treatment,
sanitation and cleaning, epidemic prevention and
household sanitation facilities, as well as for disinfection
and sterilization of swimming pools, drinking water,
cleaning vegetables, and sanitizing fishponds.
Calcium hypochlorite has
been used for bleaching of cotton, hemp, fiber, pulp
and starch, disinfection of surfaces, and as a sterilant
for water treatment. It has also been proposed as a solid
fire extinguisher.
Definition
A white solid that
can be regarded as a mixture of calcium
chlorate(I) (calcium hypochlorite), calcium
chloride, and calcium hydroxide. It is prepared
on a large scale by passing a current
of chlorine through a tilted cylinder down
which is passed calcium hydroxide. Bleaching
powder has been used for bleaching
paper pulps and fabrics and for sterilizing
water. Its bleaching power arises from the
formation, in the presence of air containing
carbon dioxide, of the oxidizing agent
chloric(I) acid (hypochlorous acid, HClO):
Ca(ClO)2.Ca(OH)2.CaCl2 + 2CO2 →
2CaCO3 + CaCl2 + 2HClO.
Preparation
Calcium hypochlorite is manufactured by two main processes, the socalled
“calcium process” and the “sodium process”.
These are essentially the same as described for the
Mg(ClO)2 salt method given above except that a sodium
hypochlorite salt is used in one case and a calcium chloride
salt in the other. The products are nearly the same. Calcium hypochlorite
is manufactured by the calcium process:
2Ca(OH)2＋2Cl2→Ca(ClO)2＋CaCl2＋2H2O
In another method developed for the manufacture of
Ca(ClO)2, chlorine gas is reacted with calcium
hydroxide:
Ca(OH)2＋ 2Cl2→Ca(ClO)2＋ 2HCl
In this method, it is claimed that the excess HCl is
neutralized by excess Ca(OH)2 to form CaCl2. The
product is said to be more “neutral” chemically and
more stable than that produced by other methods.
Reactions
As strong oxidant, calcium
hypochlorite may react with vigor in combination with
carbon compounds, and combination with finely
divided carbon particles forms an explosive mixture.
Reaction with acetylene leads to creation of explosive
chloroacetylenes. Contact with organic matter, oil,
hydrocarbons and alcohols such as methanol or ethanol may cause a violent explosion. Reaction with
nitromethane causes a delayed violent reaction.
Organic sulfur compounds such as sulfides react by
self-ignition and explosion. Iron oxide in metal
containers catalyze oxygen-evolving decomposition of
the oxidant.
Industrial uses
Calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2 can be found in swimming pool disinfectants,
in bleaching agents, in deodorants and in fungicides.
Potential Exposure
Calcium hypochlorite is used to killalgae and bacteria, in bleach, and in pool chemicalproducts
storage
Color Code—Yellow: Reactive Hazard; Store in alocation separate from other materials, especially flammables and combustibles. Prior to working with Calciumhypochlorite you should be trained on its proper handlingand storage. Calcium hypochlorite must be stored to avoidcontact with strong acids (such as hydrochloric, sulfuric,and nitric), ammonium compounds (such as ammonia andammonium hydroxide), and amines (such as aniline) sinceviolent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers ina cool, well-ventilated area away from water or moistureand combustibles (such as wood, paper, or oil). Whenheated above 100℃, Calcium hypochlorite becomes explosive. Protect containers against physical damage. Avoidstorage for long periods, particularly at summer temperatures. See OSHA Standard 1910.104 and NFPA 43A Codefor the Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers for detailedhandling and storage regulations.
