Description
Cetilistat (also known as ATL-962) was approved in September 2013 by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare for the treatment of obesity, limited to patients with both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dyslipidemia, and with a body mass index (BMI)25 kg/m2 in spite of dietary treatment and/or exercise therapy. As with orlistat, cetilistat works via inhibition of pancreatic lipases in the gut to inhibit fat absorption and thereby reduce caloric uptake from diet. The medicinal chemistry program has not been described in the scientific literature, but the patent describing cetilistat also describes the synthesis of analogs with varied aryl substituents and lipophilic tails. The synthesis of cetilistat involves condensation of a hexadecylcarbonochloridate with 2-amino-5-methylbenzoic acid; other analogs were synthesized by varying the carbonochloridate and 2-aminobenzoic acid components. Cetilistat is a potent inhibitor of human and rat pancreatic lipase with IC50s of 15 and 136 nM, respectively, with little inhibition of trypsin or chymotrypsin.
Chemical Properties
Off-white Cryst
Originator
Alizyme PLC (United Kingdom)
Uses
A novel pancreatic lipase inhibitor for the treatment of obesity in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
Definition
ChEBI: Cetilistat is a benzoxazine.
Mechanism of action
Orlistat and cetilistat are both gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors. They effectively inhibit the hydrolysis of dietary fat into fatty acids and monoglyceride in the gastrointestinal tract.52 Orlistat is reported to be able to reduce weight while improving lipid distribution, blood glucose, and blood pressure[1]. Specifically, it isdrugs blocking fat absorption.
Side effects
It has six common gastrointestinal adverse reactions: oily spotting, flatus with discharge, fecal urgency, fatty/oily stools, oily evacuations, and increased defecation. In addition, the content of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K1 decreases significantly after taking orlistat. Therefore, appropriate supplementation is required[1].
Synthesis
Commercially available hexadecanol (21) was treated with
phosgene in THF/toluene to give the corresponding chloroformate
(22), which was immediately subjected to commercial 2-amino-5-
methylbenzoic acid (23) in pyridine. Subsequent slow addition of
methyl chloroformate at room temperature resulted in the formation
of cetilistat (IV), which was produced in 31% overall yield from
hexadecanol.
References
[1] Tong Y, et al. Obesity and insulin resistance: Pathophysiology and treatment. Drug Discovery Today, 2022; 27: 822-830.
