ChemicalBook CAS DataBase List 1910-42-5

1910-42-5

Name	Paraquat dichloride
CAS	1910-42-5
EINECS(EC#)	217-615-7
Molecular Formula	C12H14Cl2N2
MDL Number	MFCD00011986
Molecular Weight	257.16
MOL File	1910-42-5.mol

Chemical Properties

Description	Paraquat dichloride is a dark blue liquid, non-combustible, stable herbicide chemical. It is incompatible with strong oxidising agents. On contact with fire paraquat decomposes gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases), nitrogen oxides, and hydrogen chloride. Paraquat dichloride contact and storage destroys metal. Paraquat dichloride hydrolyses in alkaline media and reacts with aluminium to produce hydrogen gas. Paraquat (N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride) is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. Paraquat dichloride is a herbicide currently registered to control weeds and grasses in many agricultural and non-agricultural areas. It is used preplant or preemergence on vegetables, grains, cotton, grasses, sugar cane, peanuts, potatoes, and tree plantation areas; post-emergence around fruit crops, vegetables, trees, vines, grains, soybeans, and sugar cane. It is also used on non-crop areas such as public airports, electric transformer stations, and around commercial buildings to control weeds. It has been reported that about seven pesticide products are registered which contain the active ingredient paraquat dichloride and classified as restricted use pesticides (RUPs). Paraquat dichloride and the products are primarily intended for ‘Occupational Use’. In the United States, Paraquat is classified as ‘restricted commercial use’, and people must obtain a license to use the product. less more
Appearance	Paraquat is a yellow solid with a faint, ammonia-like odor.
Melting point	>300 °C(lit.)
Boiling point	403.89°C (rough estimate)
density	1.25
vapor pressure	0Pa at 25℃
refractive index	1.6400 (estimate)
storage temp.	0-6°C
solubility	Methanol (Sligthly)
form	Crystals or Crystalline Powder
color	Beige or pink to brown
Stability:	Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Water Solubility	soluble
Merck	7031
Contact allergens	Paraquat is a quaternary ammonium compound with herbicide properties, as diquat. It is contained in Cekuquat® or Dipril®. It can cause contact and phototoxic contact dermatitis, acne, and leukoderma mainly in agricultural workers. less more
LogP	-4.5 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference	1910-42-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System	1910-42-5(EPA Substance)

Safety Data

Hazard Codes	T+,N
Risk Statements	R24/25:Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed . R26:Very Toxic by inhalation. R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin . R48/25:Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed . R50/53:Very Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment . less more
Safety Statements	S22:Do not breathe dust . S28:After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of ... (to be specified by the manufacturer) . S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection . S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) . S60:This material and/or its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste . S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet . less more
OEB	D
OEL	TWA: 0.1 mg/m3 (resp) [skin]
RIDADR	UN 2811 6.1/PG 1
WGK Germany	3
RTECS	DW2275000
HazardClass	6.1(a)
PackingGroup	II
HS Code	29333990
Toxicity	LD50 orally in rats: 125 mg/kg (Conning) less more
IDLA	1 mg/m3

Raw materials And Preparation Products

Hazard Information

Chemical Properties

off-white powder

General Description

Colorless to yellow crystalline solid. Used as a contact herbicide and desiccant.

Reactivity Profile

PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE(1910-42-5) is stable in acidic media, but unstable in alkaline media. PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE(1910-42-5) is photochemically decomposed by UV irradiation in aqueous solutions and is rapidly inactivated by soil. The neat chemical may be sensitive to light. This compound is corrosive to metal and PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE(1910-42-5) can react with strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents. PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE(1910-42-5) is hydrolyzed by alkali compounds and PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE(1910-42-5) is inactivated by inert clays and anionic surfactants.

Air & Water Reactions

Water soluble.

Health Hazard

Can cause death due to severe injury to the lungs. The lowest lethal oral dose reported in humans is 43 mg/kg.

Potential Exposure

Those engaged in manufacture, formulation and application of this herbicide. Classified for restricted use: limited to use by a certified applicator, or those under applicator’s direct supervision.

Fire Hazard

Avoid strong oxidizers.

First aid

If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water, or bentonite clay in water, or activated charcoal in water; and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. Medical observation is recommended for 2448 hours after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed. As first aid for pulmonary edema, a doctor or authorized paramedic may consider administering a drug or other inhalation therapy. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures. Rush to a health care facility.

Shipping

UN2781 Bipyridilium pesticide, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

Incompatibilities

Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides (hydrolysis), alkylarylsulfonate wetting agents. Corrosive to metals. Decomposes in presence of ultraviolet (UV) light. Decomposes in heat (see physical properties, above) and in the presence of UV light, producing nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride.

Waste Disposal

Paraquat is rapidly inactivated in soil. It is also inactivated by anionic surfactants. Therefore an effective and environmentally safe disposal method would be to mix the product with ordinary household detergent and bury the mixture in clay soil. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.

Definition

ChEBI:Paraquat dichloride is an organic chloride salt. It has a role as a herbicide and a photosystem-I inhibitor. It contains a paraquat.

Flammability and Explosibility

Notclassified

Safety Profile

A human poison by ingestion. Poison experimentally by ingestion, skin contact, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis, cough, diarrhea, dyspnea, headache, hyp

Purification Methods

Recrystallise the dichloride from MeOH/acetone mixture. It has also been recrystallised three times from absolute EtOH [Bancroft et al. Anal Chem 53 1390 1981]. Dry it at 80o in a vacuum. [Beilstein 23/8 V 30.]

Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)

Spectrum Detail

Well-known Reagent Company Product Information

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