2-гептанон

Описание

2-Heptanone has a characteristic banana, slightly spicy odor. It may be prepared by oxidation of methyl n-amyl carbinol; also from n-amyl propionic acid or from ethyl butyl acetat.

Химические свойства

2-Heptanone is a clear colorless liquid with a fruity, spicy, cinnamon, banana, slightly spicy odor. The ketone 2-heptanone is a polar molecular compound with dipole-dipole attractions between the molecules.

Физические свойства

Colorless liquid with a banana-like odor. Can be detected at a concentration of 140 μg/kg (Buttery et al., 1969a). Cometto-Mu?iz et al. (2000) reported nasal pungency threshold concentrations ranging from approximately 195 to 935 ppm. An odor threshold concentration of 6.8 ppb_v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).

Вхождение

Reported found in clove essential oil, Ceylon cinnamon and rancid coconut oil; also identifed in Ruta Montana Also reported found in banana, lingonberry, loganberry, black currant, guava, grapes, papaya, peach, pear, raspberry, other berries, strawberry jam, asparagus, roasted onion, leek, baked potato, mushroom, clove bud, ginger, blue, cheddar and Swiss cheeses, milk, cream, butter, fsh, meats, hop oil, beer, brandy, rum, malt whiskey, grape wines, cocoa, coffee, tea, peanuts, pecans, walnut, oats, soybeans, coconut oil, olive, passion fruit, mango, fgs, rice, sweet corn, corn tortillas, malt, caviar, shrimp, oysters, crab, crayfsh and mate

Использование

2-Heptanone is used as an industrial solvent; a solvent for synthetic resin finishes; an inert reaction medium; a flavor ingredient in foods; a fragrance ingredient in creams, lotions, perfumes, soaps, and detergents.

Подготовка

By oxidation of methyl n-amyl carbinol; also from n-amyl propionic acid or from ethyl butyl acetate.

Определение

ChEBI: Heptan-2-one is a dialkyl ketone with methyl and pentyl as the alkyl groups. It has a role as a pheromone and a mouse metabolite. It is a dialkyl ketone and a methyl ketone.

Общее описание

A clear colorless liquid. Flash point 126°F. Less dense than water and only slightly soluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors heavier than air. Density 6.8 lb / gal. Used as a synthetic flavoring and in perfumes.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

2-Heptanone reacts exothermically with many acids and bases to produce flammable gases (e.g., H2). The heat may be sufficient to start a fire in the unreacted portion. Reacts with reducing agents such as hydrides, alkali metals, and nitrides to produce flammable gas and heat. Incompatible with isocyanates, aldehydes, cyanides, peroxides, and anhydrides. Incompatible with many oxidizing agents including nitric acid, nitric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixture, and perchloric acid. May form peroxides [USCG, 1999].

Опасность

Moderate fire risk. Toxic by inhalation, skin and eye irritant, narcotic in high concentration.

Пожароопасность

Combustible liquid, flash point (closed cup) 39.9°C (102°F), (open cup) 48.9°C (12°F); vapor density 3.9 (air = 1) vapor pressure 2.6 torr at 20°C (68°F); autoignition temperature 393°C (740°F); fire-extinguishing agent: “alcohol” foam; a water spray may be used to cool below its flash point.
Methyl amyl ketone forms an explosive mixture with air in the range 1.1% [at 66°C (150.8°F)] to 7.9% [at 121°C (249.8°F)] by volume. It can react explosively with strong acids, alkalies, and oxidizing agents.

Профиль безопасности

Moderately toxic by ingestion. Mildly toxic by inhalation and skin contact. A skin irritant. A flammable liquid when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes. See also KETONES.

Экологическая судьба

Biological. Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 10-d BOD value of 0.50 g/g which is 17.8% of the ThOD value of 2.81 g/g.
Chemical/Physical. Atkinson et al. (2000) studied the kinetic and products of the gas-phase reaction of 2-heptanone with OH radicals in purified air at 25 °C and 740 mmHg. A relative rate constant of 1.17 x 10^-11 cm³/molecule·sec was calculated for this reaction. Reaction products identified by GC, FTIR, and atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectroscopy were (with respective molar yields): formaldehyde, 0.38; acetaldehyde, λ0.05; propanal, λ0.05; butanal, 0.07; pentanal, 0.09; and molecular weight 175 organic nitrates.
2-Heptanone will not hydrolyze because it does not contain a hydrolyzable functional group. Burns in air releasing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

Перевозки

UN1110 n-Amyl Methyl ketone, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

Утилизация отходов

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.