ДИКАМБА

Описание

Dicamba was introduced in the 1960s and is selective in cereals, corn (Zea mays), sugar cane (Saccharum spp.), asparagus (Asparagus officinalis), and turf for the pre- and post-emergence control of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds. Dicamba exhibits lowto- moderate persistence in most soils. See Table 10 for the nomenclature, chemical structure, and physical and chemical properties of dicamba.

Использование

Dicamba is mainly used as an herbicide to control weeds, dock, bracken, and brush. Dicamba is frequently applied with other herbicides, including atrazine, glyphosate, imazethapyr, ioxynil, and mecoprop.

Определение

ChEBI: A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.

Общее описание

Dicamba is a white solid dissolved in a liquid carrier. The carrier is water emulsifiable. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Since Dicamba is a liquid Dicamba can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams. Dicamba can cause illness by inhalation, skin absorption and/or ingestion. Dicamba is used as a herbicide.

Угроза здоровью

SOLID: Harmful if swallowed.

Пожароопасность

Not flammable.

Сельскохозяйственное использование

Herbicide: Used to control annual and perennial broadleaf weeds in corn, sorghum, small grains, pastures, hay, rangeland, sugarcane, asparagus, turf, grass-seed crops, and non-croplands. It can be applied to the leaves or to the soil. Dicamba controls annual and perennial broadleaf weeds in grain crops and grasslands, and it is used to control brush and bracken in pastures. It will kill broadleaf weeds before and after they sprout. Legumes will be killed by dicamba. In combination with a phenoxyalkanoic acid or other herbicide, dicamba is used in pastures, range land, and non-crop areas such as fence-rows and roadways to control weeds.

Торговое название

BANEX®; BANLEN®; BANVEL®; BANVEL 4S®; BANVEL 4WS®; BANVEL CST®; BANVEL HERBICIDE®; BANVEL II HERBICIDE®; BRUSH BUSTER®; BUSHWHACKER®; CADENCE®; CASWELL No. 295®; CLARITY®; COMPOUND B DICAMBA®; DIANATE®; DISTINCT®; DYVEL®; FALLOWMASTER®; FLOWMASTER®; GORDON’S TRIGUARD®; GORDON’S TRI-MEC®; MARKSMAN®; MEDIBEN®; NORTHSTAR®; SUMMIT®; TARGET®; TRACKER®; TROOPER®; VANQUISH®; VELSICOL 58-CS-11®; VELSICOL COMPOUND R®; WEEDMASTER®; YUKON®

Фармаколо?гия

Dicamba is highly mobile in soils and will leach or move upward depending on the flux of the soil water. Adsorption to soils is generally limited, although a few studies using acidic kaolinite and muck soils showed that dicamba was adsorbed to these soils. Adsorption of dicamba is greatest at low soil pHs and is minimal at pHs greater than 6.0. Because dicamba is highly water soluble, it is reasonable to expect that some loss may occur via soil water runoff from the application zone. However, studies conducted by Trichelle et al. (44) showed that such losses were minimal, i.e., less than 5.5% of applied. The rate of dicamba volatilization is not clear, although it is likely that it does occur to some extent. On planchets, approximately 50% of applied dicamba volatilized over a period of 11 weeks. The significance of this result is questionable, because in a similar study using soil, there was no appreciable volatilization (45).

Профиль безопасности

Moderately toxic by ingestion. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-.

Способ действия

DICAMBA HD 5 is readily absorbed by plants through shoot and root uptake, translocates throughout the plant's system, and accumulates in areas of active growth. This product interferes with the plant's growth hormones (auxins) resulting in death of many broadleaf weeds.