Пипемидовая кислота

Химические свойства

The substance is a light yellow crystalline powder with an odorless, bitter taste. It has a melting point range of 251-255°C, with decomposition. It is soluble in glacial acetic acid, but only slightly soluble in methanol, acetone, and DMF. It is extremely difficult to dissolve in water, ethanol, and chloroform, and is insoluble in benzene. However, it can be dissolved in dilute alkali or acid solutions.

Использование

Pipemidic acid is a quinolone antibacterial drug that is primarily used to treat gram-negative infections of the urinary tract. It is also an antibiotic and cell selection agent. Unlike nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid has a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity and is effective for treating urinary tract and ENT infections.

Подготовка

The synthesis of pipemidic acid involves a series of steps. First, ethyl 2,4-dichloropyrimidine-5-carboxylate is condensed and cyclized with ethyl β-ethylaminopropionate to yield 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-8-ethylpyridine[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate. This compound is then brominated and subsequently condensed with piperazine. The resulting product is hydrolyzed and neutralized to obtain pipemidic acid.

Определение

ChEBI: Pipemidic acid is a pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and a DNA synthesis inhibitor. It is a monocarboxylic acid, an amino acid, a N-arylpiperazine, a pyridopyrimidine and a quinolone antibiotic.

Общее описание

Chemical structure: quinolone

Фармацевтические приложения

An orally administered pyridopyrimidine derivative with a 7-piperazinyl moiety. The piperazinyl moiety at C-7 increases in-vitro activity against Ps. aeruginosa. Pipemidic acid is inactive against Gram-positive bacteria or anaerobes
It is well absorbed orally. The drug is rapidly metabolized, primarily to acetyl, formyl and oxo derivatives, which exhibit much reduced antibacterial activity. It is eliminated in the urine, 50–85% of a dose appearing over the first 24 h, less than 2% as inactive metabolites. Non-renal clearance accounts for 10–40% of a dose in the young, rising to 40–70% in elderly subjects, thereby compensating for possible renal insufficiency. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with mild renal insufficiency. Some of the drug is eliminated in the bile and a significant portion appears in the feces.
Nausea and vomiting are common; dizziness, weakness and grand mal seizures have been observed, principally in the elderly. A number of reactions have been sufficiently severe to require discontinuation of therapy. Clinical use is restricted to urinary tract infections.

использованная литература

Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II Volume 7, 1996, Pages 561-624 DOI: 10.1016/B978-008096518-5.00160-X
A New Approach for Improving the Antibacterial and Tumor Cytotoxic Activities of Pipemidic Acid by Including It in Trimethyl-β-cyclodextrin doi:10.3390/ijms20020416
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Pipemidic-acid
Pipemidic Acid, a New Antibacterial Agent Active Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: In Vitro Properties DOI: 10.1128/aac.8.2.132