Climbazole

Climbazole (CBZ) is an emerging recalcitrant contaminant in wastewater, which has severe toxic effects on aquatic organisms.

(±)-Climbazole is an imidazole antifungal agent. It inhibits the growth of C. albicans (MIC = 0.29 μg/ml), as well as clinical isolates of M. pachydermatis (MICs = <0.06-1 μg/ml) and M. furfur (MICs = <0.06-0.5 μg/ml) in vitro. It also reduces the size of Malassezia populations on the skin of naturally infected dogs when used at a dose of 2% in shampoo. (±)-Climbazole (80 mg/kg) increases the levels of cytochrome P450 in rat liver. Formulations containing climbazole have been used in the treatment of dandruff.

White Solid

Climbazole is an imidazole antifungal agent that can provide anti-dandruff benefits when incorporated into a shampoo matrix. s assay and did not induce micronuclei in human lymphocytes.

ChEBI: 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one is a ketone that is butan-2-one substituted by a 4-chlorophenoxy and a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group at position 1 and 2 methyl groups at position 3. It is a member of monochlorobenzenes, a member of imidazoles, an aromatic ether, a ketone and a hemiaminal ether.

Climbazole is commercially produced by reacting chloroether ketone with imidazole in toluene under controlled temperature and acid-binding conditions, followed by crystallisation and purification to yield a high-purity antifungal agent.

Moderately toxic by ingestion. Low toxicity by skin contact.

Non flammable

Systemic with protective and curative action. Sterol demethylation inhibitor.

May cause localized irritation of the skin with symptoms including redness, rashes and itching.

[1] P. CAVANA . Efficacy of a 2% climbazole shampoo for reducing Malassezia population sizes on the skin of naturally infected dogs[J]. Journal de mycologie medicale, 2015, 25 4: Pages 268-273. DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.10.004
[2] MARIOS STYLIANOU. Antifungal application of nonantifungal drugs.[J]. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2014, 58 2: 1055-1062. DOI: 10.1128/aac.01087-13
[3] SCHMIDT D A. In vitro Activity of Climbazole, Clotrimazole and Silver-sulphadiazine against Isolates of Malassezia pachydermatis[J]. Zoonoses and Public Health, 2010, 44 1-10: 193-197. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1997.tb00964.x
[4] A SCHMIDT  B R H. In vitro susceptibility of Malassezia furfur against azole compounds.[J]. Mycoses, 1996, 39 7-8: 309-312. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1996.tb00145.x
[5] KOBAYASHI Y, SUZUKI M, OHSHIRO N, et al. Climbazole is a new potent inducer of rat hepatic cytochrome P450.[J]. The Journal of toxicological sciences, 2001, 62 1: 0. DOI: 10.2131/jts.26.141

Fungicide